为什么带有const参数的函数声明允许调用带有非const参数的函数? [英] Why does a function declaration with a const argument allow calling of a function with a non-const argument?

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问题描述

请注意以下C ++代码:

  #include< iostream> 
using std :: cout;

int foo(const int);

int main()
{
cout< foo(3);
}

int foo(int a)
{
a ++;
return a;注意, foo()的原型 code>接受一个 const int ,定义接受 int 。这个编译没有任何错误...



为什么没有编译错误?

解决方案

因为 foo 函数的调用者是否 foo 修改其副本



特别是在C ++ 03标准中,以下2个代码段解释了为什么:



C ++ 03 Section:13.2-1


同名的两个函数声明相同的函数,如果他们在同一范围和
有等效参数声明(13.1)。


C + +03 Section:13.1-3


参数声明仅在const和/当量。只有在参数类型规范的最外层的const和volatile类型说明符以这种方式被忽略;隐藏在参数类型规范中的const和volatile类型说明符是重要的,可用于区分重载函数声明。



Take note of the following C++ code:

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;

int foo (const int);

int main ()
{
   cout << foo(3);
}

int foo (int a)
{
   a++;
   return a;
}

Notice that the prototype of foo() takes a const int and that the definition takes an int. This compile without any errors...

Why are there no compilation errors?

解决方案

Because it doesn't matter to the caller of the foo function whether foo modifies its copy of the variable or not.

Specifically in the C++03 standard, the following 2 snippets explain exactly why:

C++03 Section: 13.2-1

Two function declarations of the same name refer to the same function if they are in the same scope and have equivalent parameter declarations (13.1).

C++03 Section: 13.1-3

Parameter declarations that differ only in the presence or absence of const and/or volatile are equivalent. Only the const and volatile type-specifiers at the outermost level of the parameter type specification are ignored in this fashion; const and volatile type-specifiers buried within a parameter type specification are significant and can be used to distinguish overloaded function declarations.

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