为什么Windows上的控制台动画这么慢？ （还有办法提高速度吗？） [英] Why is console animation so slow on Windows? (And is there a way to improve speed?)
问题描述
我很无聊，所以想在控制台窗口中制作动画。
Well I was bored so wanted to make an animation in a console window.
现在当我设置第一个位，我注意到它很慢，大约333ms为整个屏幕填充字符..
Now when I setup the first bits I noticed it is very slow, something around 333ms for a whole screen to fill with characters..
我想知道是否有一种方法，至少可以得到〜20 fps？
I am wondering if there is a way to at least get ~20 fps?
这是我的代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#define WIDTH (100)
#define HEIGHT (35)
bool SetWindow(int Width, int Height) {
_COORD coord;
coord.X = Width; coord.Y = Height;
_SMALL_RECT Rect;
Rect.Left = 0; Rect.Top = 0;
Rect.Bottom = Height - 1; Rect.Right = Width - 1;
HANDLE Handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (Handle == NULL)return FALSE;
SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(Handle, coord);
if(!SetConsoleWindowInfo(Handle, TRUE, &Rect)) return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
std::array<std::array<unsigned char, WIDTH+1>, HEIGHT> Screen;//WIDTH+1 = prevent cout from undefined behaviour
void Putchars(unsigned char x){
for(int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row){
std::fill(Screen[row].begin(),Screen[row].end(),x);
Screen[row].at(WIDTH) = 0;//here = prevent cout from undefined behaviour
}
}
void ShowFrame(DWORD delay = 0,bool fPutchars = false, unsigned char x = 0){
if(fPutchars)Putchars(x);
if(delay)Sleep(delay);
system("CLS");
for(int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row)
std::cout << Screen[row].data() << std::flush;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){//sould execute @~63 fps, yet it executes @~3-4 fps
if(SetWindow(100,HEIGHT)){
for(unsigned char i = 219; i != 0; --i)
ShowFrame(16,true, i);
}
return 0;
}
编辑：阅读了很多答案，提示和意见后，谢谢你们，这是我最后的基础代码：
after reading numerous answers, tips and comments I finally worked it out, thank you guys, this is my final "base" code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#define WIDTH (100)
#define HEIGHT (34)
HANDLE current;
HANDLE buffer;
bool SetWindow(int Width, int Height) {
_COORD coord;
coord.X = Width; coord.Y = Height;
_SMALL_RECT Rect;
Rect.Left = 0; Rect.Top = 0;
Rect.Bottom = Height - 1; Rect.Right = Width - 1;
HANDLE Handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if (Handle == NULL)return FALSE;
SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(Handle, coord);
if(!SetConsoleWindowInfo(Handle, TRUE, &Rect)) return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
std::array<std::array<CHAR, WIDTH+1>, HEIGHT> Screen;//WIDTH+1 = prevent cout from undefined behaviour
void Putchars(CHAR x){
for(int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row){
std::fill(Screen[row].begin(),Screen[row].end(),x);
Screen[row].at(WIDTH) = 0;//here = prevent cout from undefined behaviour
}
}
void ShowFrame(DWORD delay = 0, bool fPutchars = false, CHAR x = 0){
if(fPutchars)Putchars(x);
if(delay)Sleep(delay);
//system("CLS");
_COORD coord;
coord.X = 0;
for(int row = 0; row < HEIGHT; ++row)
{
coord.Y = row;
FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(buffer,Screen[row].data()[0],100,coord,NULL);
}
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){//sould execute @~63 fps, yet it executes @~3-4 fps
SetWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
current = GetStdHandle (STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
buffer = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer (
GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER,
NULL
);
SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer (buffer);
if(SetWindow(WIDTH,HEIGHT)){
for(CHAR i = 219; i != 0; --i)
ShowFrame(250,true, i);
}
CloseHandle (buffer); //clean up
return 0;
}
看起来工作速度很快：）
and it seems to work very fast :)
推荐答案
只需看一下你的代码，你就会每帧产生一个单独的程序（CLS）。 可怕的自己慢。
Just glancing at your code, you're spawning a separate program ("CLS") once per frame. That's horrendously slow all by itself.
与一些注释相反，Windows控制台至少能够 em>合理的速度，如果使用甚至接近正确（如：你可以更新控制台比任何监视器可以显示数据更快）。
Contrary to some of the comments, the Windows console is capable of at least fairly reasonable speed if used even close to correctly (as in: you can update the console faster than any monitor can display the data).
只是为了参考，这里是一个版本的John Conway为Windows控制台编写的生命游戏。为了计时的目的，它只是生成一个随机的开始屏幕，运行2000代，然后停止。在我的机器上，它在大约2秒内执行2000代，或者每秒大约1000帧（无用，因为典型的监视器只能在大约60-120Hz更新）。在具有全屏控制台的32位Windows下，它可以大约翻倍（再次，至少在我的机器上）。我相信有一点工作，这可以加快一些，但我从来没有见过任何理由麻烦。
Just for reference, here's a version of John Conway's Game of Life written for the Windows console. For timing purposes, it just generates a random starting screen and runs for 2000 generations, then stops. On my machine, it does 2000 generations in about 2 seconds, or around 1000 frames per second (useless, since a typical monitor can only update at around 60-120 Hz). Under 32-bit Windows with a full-screen console, it can roughly double that (again, at least on my machine). I'm pretty sure with a little work, this could be sped up some more, but I've never seen any reason to bother.
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <io.h>
#define ROWS 50
#define COLS 80
// The total number of generations is really double this number.
int generations = 1000;
int civ1[ROWS+2][COLS+2], civ2[ROWS+2][COLS+2];
CHAR_INFO disp[ROWS][COLS];
HANDLE console;
COORD size = { COLS, ROWS };
COORD src = { 0, 0};
SMALL_RECT dest = { 0, 0, COLS, ROWS };
void ClrScrn(char attrib) {
COORD pos = { 0, 0};
DWORD written;
unsigned size;
size = ROWS * COLS;
FillConsoleOutputCharacter(console, ' ', size, pos, &written);
FillConsoleOutputAttribute(console, attrib, size, pos, &written);
SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, pos);
}
void fill_edges(int civ1[ROWS+2][COLS+2]) {
int i, j;
for (i=1; i<=ROWS; ++i) {
civ1[i][0] = civ1[i][COLS];
civ1[i][COLS+1] = civ1[i][1];
}
for (j=1; j<=COLS; ++j) {
civ1[0][j] = civ1[ROWS][j];
civ1[ROWS+1][j] = civ1[1][j];
}
civ1[0][0] = civ1[ROWS][COLS];
civ1[ROWS+1][COLS+1] = civ1[1][1];
civ1[0][COLS+1] = civ1[ROWS][1];
civ1[ROWS+1][0] = civ1[1][COLS];
}
void update_generation(int old_gen[ROWS+2][COLS+2],
int new_gen[ROWS+2][COLS+2])
{
int i, j, count;
for (i = 1; i <= ROWS; ++i)
{
for (j = 1; j <= COLS; ++j)
{
count = old_gen[i - 1][j - 1] +
old_gen[i - 1][j] +
old_gen[i - 1][j + 1] +
old_gen[i][j - 1] +
old_gen[i][j + 1] +
old_gen[i + 1][j - 1] +
old_gen[i + 1][j] +
old_gen[i + 1][j + 1];
switch(count)
{
case 2:
new_gen[i][j] = old_gen[i][j];
break;
case 3:
new_gen[i][j] = 1;
disp[i-1][j-1].Char.AsciiChar = '*';
break;
default:
new_gen[i][j] = 0;
disp[i-1][j-1].Char.AsciiChar = ' ';
break;
}
}
}
WriteConsoleOutput(console, (CHAR_INFO *)disp, size, src, &dest);
fill_edges(new_gen);
}
void initialize(void)
{
int i, j;
ClrScrn(0x71);
srand(((unsigned int)time(NULL))|1);
for (i = 1; i <= ROWS; ++i)
{
for (j = 1; j <= COLS; ++j)
{
civ1[i][j] = (int)(((__int64)rand()*2)/RAND_MAX);
disp[i-1][j-1].Char.AsciiChar = civ1[i][j] ? '*' : ' ';
disp[i-1][j-1].Attributes = 0x71;
}
}
WriteConsoleOutput(console, (CHAR_INFO *)disp, size, src, &dest);
fill_edges(civ1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int i;
if ( argc != 1)
generations = atoi(argv[1]);
console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
initialize();
for (i = 0; i <generations; ++i)
{
update_generation(civ1, civ2);
update_generation(civ2, civ1);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
如果没有别的，这里有一个 ClrScrn 函数，你可能会很方便。
If nothing else, this has a ClrScrn function you may find handy.
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