属性与实例变量 [英] Property vs. instance variable

问题描述

我想了解一些人如何使用策略来区分实例vars和属性。一个常见的模式如下：

I'm trying to understand how strategies some folks use to distinguish instance vars vs. properties. A common pattern is the following:

@interface MyClass : NSObject {
    NSString *_myVar;
}

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *myVar;
@end

@implementation MyClass
@synthesize myVar = _myVar;

现在，我认为这个策略背后的整个前提是， ivar和财产。所以，如果我想使用由合成属性继承的内存管理，我会使用如下：

Now, I thought the entire premise behind this strategy is so that one can easily distinguish the difference between an ivar and property. So, if I want to use the memory management inherited by a synthesized property, I'd use something such as:

myVar = @"Foo";

另一种方法是通过self [ivar / property here]引用它。

The other way would be referencing it via self.[ivar/property here].

使用@synthesize myVar = _myVar策略的问题是我认为编写代码如：

The problem with using the @synthesize myVar = _myVar strategy, is I figured that writing code such as:

myVar = some_other_object; // doesn't work. 

编译器提示myVar未声明。为什么会这样？

The compiler complains that myVar is undeclared. Why is that the case?

感谢。

推荐答案

属性

@interface APerson : NSObject {
    // NSString *_name;           //  necessary for legacy runtime
}

@property(readwrite) NSString *name;

@end

@implementation APerson
@synthesize name;                 // use name = _name for legacy runtime
@end

@synthesize 在这种情况下创建这两种方法（不是100％准确）：

@synthesize creates in this case those two methods (not 100% accurate):

- (NSString *)name {
    return [[_name copy] autorelease];
}
- (void)setName:(NSString *)value {
    [value retain];
    [_name release];
    _name = value;
}

现在很容易区分 ivars 和getters / setters。访问器有 self。前缀。

It's easy now to distinguish between ivars and getters/setters. The accessors have got the self. prefix. You shouldn't access the variables directly anyway.

您的示例代码不工作，因为它应该是：

Your sample code doesn't work as it should be:

_myVar = some_other_object;      // _myVar is the ivar, not myVar.
self.myVar = some_other_object;  // works too, uses the accessors

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