编程创建可可应用程序（OS X）的初始窗口 [英] programatically create initial window of cocoa app (OS X)

问题描述

通常我在做iOS应用程序，但现在我试图做一个OS X应用程序，我失去了一开始。说我做的iOS应用程序的风格是完全程序化，没有xib文件或任何只是因为我有更多的控制，通过键入而不是拖动。但是在OS X编程中，它从一些带有菜单项和默认窗口的xib文件开始。在菜单项中有很多项目，所以这可能不是我想要混乱的，但我想自己创建我的第一个窗口。

Usually I am making iOS app but now I am trying to make an OS X app, and I am lost at the very beginning. Say the style I make the iOS apps are totally programmatic, there's no xib files or whatsoever just because that I have a lot more control by typing than dragging. However in OS X programming, it starts with some xib files with the menu items and a default window. There are quite a lot of items in the menu items so that's probably not something I want to mess around, but I want to programatically create my first window myself.

所以我这样做：

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{    
    NSUInteger windowStyleMask = NSTitledWindowMask|NSResizableWindowMask|NSClosableWindowMask|NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
    NSWindow* appWindow = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:NSMakeRect(200, 200, 1280, 720) styleMask:windowStyleMask backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered defer:NO];
    appWindow.backgroundColor = [NSColor lightGrayColor];
    appWindow.minSize = NSMakeSize(1280, 720);
    appWindow.title = @"Sample Window";
    [appWindow makeKeyAndOrderFront:self];
    _appWindowController = [[AppWindowController alloc] initWithWindow:appWindow];
    [_appWindowController showWindow:self];
}

$ b $ p这里，我已经创建了一个窗口，并使用windowController init这个窗口。窗口确实以这种方式显示，但我只能在这里指定内部元素，如按钮和标签，但不能在windowController中。

So here, I have created a window first, and use that windowController to init this window. The window does show up in this way, but I can only specify the inner elements, like buttons and labels here, but not in the windowController. It makes me feel bad so I tried another way.

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
    _appWindowController = [[AppWindowController alloc] init];
    [_appWindowController showWindow:self];
}

之后，我要设置 loadWindow：在windowController中的函数如下：

and after this I want to set the other elements in the loadWindow: function in the windowController like this:

- (void)loadWindow
{
    [self.window setFrame:NSMakeRect(200, 200, 1280, 720) display:YES];
    self.window.title = @"Sample window";
    self.window.backgroundColor = [NSColor lightGrayColor];

    NSButton* sampleButton = [[NSButton alloc] initWithFrame:NSRectFromCGRect(CGRectMake(100, 100, 200, 23))];
    sampleButton.title = @"Sample Button!";
    [sampleButton setButtonType:NSMomentaryLightButton];
    [sampleButton setBezelStyle:NSRoundedBezelStyle];
    [self.window.contentView addSubview:sampleButton];
    NSLog(@"Loaded window!");
    [self.window makeKeyAndOrderFront:nil];
}

$ b。 loadWindow：永远不会被调用，也不是 windowDidLoad：。他们去哪里了？

Unfortunately, this never works. the loadWindow: never gets called, nor windowDidLoad:. Where did they go?

请不要问为什么我不使用笔尖。我希望在里面做一些高度自定义的视图，可能是OpenGL，所以我不认为笔尖可以处理它。我非常感谢，如果有人可以帮助。谢谢。

And please don't ask why I don't use nibs. I wish to make some highly customized views inside, possibly OpenGL, so I don't think nibs can handle it. I am greatly appreciated if anyone could help. Thanks.

还有，谁知道如何以编程方式从头开始菜单项？

And also, who knows how to even start the menu items from scratch, programmatically?

我使用最新的XCode。

I am using the latest XCode.

推荐答案

我花了整个星期天自己挖掘这个问题。像提出问题的人，我更喜欢编写iOS和OSX没有nib文件（大多数）或Interface Builder和去裸机。我尽管使用NSConstraints。如果你正在做更简单的UI，那么它可能不会避免IB，但是当你进入一个更复杂的UI，它变得更难。

I spent an entire Sunday digging into this problem myself. Like the person asking the question, I prefer coding iOS and OSX without nib files (mostly) or Interface Builder and to go bare metal. I DO use NSConstraints though. It is probably NOT WORTH avoiding IB if you're doing simpler UIs, however when you get into a more complex UI it gets harder.

原来是相当简单为了社区的利益，我想我会在这里张贴一个简明的最新回答。有一些较旧的博客文章在那里，我发现最有用的是来自 Lap Cat软件。 'Tip O The Hat'给你先生！

It turns out to be fairly simple to do, and for the benefit of the "Community" I thought I'd post a concise up to date answer here. There ARE some older Blog Posts out there and the one I found most useful were the ones from Lap Cat Software. 'Tip O The Hat' to you sir!

这就是ARC。修改你的main（）看起来像这样：

This Assumes ARC. Modify your main() to look something like this:

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    NSArray *tl;
    NSApplication *application = [NSApplication sharedApplication];
    [[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:@"MainMenu" owner:application topLevelObjects:&tl];

    AppDelegate *applicationDelegate = [[AppDelegate alloc] init];      // Instantiate App  delegate
    [application setDelegate:applicationDelegate];                      // Assign delegate to the NSApplication
    [application run];                                                  // Call the Apps Run method

    return 0;       // App Never gets here.
}

你会注意到还有一个Nib这仅适用于主菜单。因为它甚至今天（2014年）显然没有办法轻松设置位置0菜单项。这是一个标题为您的应用程序名称。你可以使用 [NSApplication setMainMenu] 设置所有的权限，但不是那个。所以我选择在新项目中保留由Xcode创建的MainMenu Nib，并将其剥离到位置0项。我认为这是一个公平的妥协和我可以生活的东西。 UI Sanity的一个简单插件...当您创建菜单时，请遵循与其他Mac OSX应用程序相同的基本模式。

You'll note that there is still a Nib (xib) in there. This is for the main menu only. As it turns out even today (2014) apparently no way to easily set the position 0 menu item. That's the one with the title = to your App name. You can set everything to the right of it using [NSApplication setMainMenu] but not that one. So I opted to keep the MainMenu Nib created by Xcode in new projects, and strip it down to just the position 0 item. I think that is a fair compromise and something I can live with. One brief plug for UI Sanity... when you're creating Menus please follow the same basic pattern as other Mac OSX Apps.

下一页修改AppDelegate看起来像这样：

Next modify the AppDelegate to look something like this:

-(id)init
{
    if(self = [super init]) {
        NSRect contentSize = NSMakeRect(500.0, 500.0, 1000.0, 1000.0);
        NSUInteger windowStyleMask = NSTitledWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask | NSClosableWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask;
        window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:contentSize styleMask:windowStyleMask backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered defer:YES];
        window.backgroundColor = [NSColor whiteColor];
        window.title = @"MyBareMetalApp";

        // Setup Preference Menu Action/Target on MainMenu
        NSMenu *mm = [NSApp mainMenu];
        NSMenuItem *myBareMetalAppItem = [mm itemAtIndex:0];
        NSMenu *subMenu = [myBareMetalAppItem submenu];
        NSMenuItem *prefMenu = [subMenu itemWithTag:100];
        prefMenu.target = self;
        prefMenu.action = @selector(showPreferencesMenu:);

        // Create a view
        view = [[NSTabView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 700, 700)];
    }
    return self;
 }

 -(IBAction)showPreferencesMenu:(id)sender
 {
    [NSApp runModalForWindow:[[PreferencesWindow alloc] initWithAppFrame:window.frame]];
 }

-(void)applicationWillFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)notification
{
    [window setContentView:view];           // Hook the view up to the window
}

-(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)notification
{
    [window makeKeyAndOrderFront:self];     // Show the window
} 

！你可以从AppDelegate中开始工作，就像你熟悉的。希望有帮助！

And Bingo... you're good to go! You can start working from there in the AppDelegate pretty much like you're familiar with. Hope that helps!

UPDATE ：我不在代码中创建菜单，如上所示。我发现您可以在Xcode 6.1中编辑 MainMenu.xib 源代码。工作不错，非常灵活，它需要的是一个小实验，看看它是如何工作。比代码搞乱，容易本地化！看到图片，了解我的主题：

UPDATE: I don't create menus in code anymore as I've shown above. I've discovered you can edit MainMenu.xib source in Xcode 6.1. Works nice, very flexible and all it takes is a little experimentation to see how it works. Faster than messing around in code and easy to localize! See the picture to understand what I am on about:

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