使用字典转换字母 [英] Converting letters using a dictionary

问题描述

我想写一个程序，将字典中匹配字符的字符转换为与该字符相关联的值。如果字典是{'A'：'T'，'C'：'G'，'T'：'A'，'G'：'C'}，字符串是'AAG'，输出应该是'TTC '。

编辑：这是我现在感谢你的一些答案：

  def matching_codons（complementments，poolA）：
 answer = [] 
 codon =''
 counter = 0 
 
 for i in poolA：
 for a in i：
 codon + = complements [a] 
 counter + = 1 
 if counter == 3：
 answer.append（codon）
  

不幸的是，这只能翻译前3个字母 - 如何让它继续运行循环？ p>

注意：poolA是字符串列表，例如['AAG'，'TAC'，'CGG'，'GAT'，'TTG'，'GTG'，'CAT'，'GGC'，'ATT'，'TCT']

注意2：我不能硬编码任何像翻译表，因为技术上可以更改字典输入

解决方案

另一种解决方案是使用字符串中的maketrans

  from string import maketrans 
 complementTrans = maketrans（ACTG，TGAC）
 
 poolA = ['AAG '，'TAC'，'CGG'，'GAT'，'TTG'，'GTG'，'CAT'，'GGC'，'ATT'，'TCT'] 
 [codon.translate密码子in poolA] 
  

您将获得：

 
 ['TTC'，'ATG'，'GCC'，'CTA'，'AAC'，'CAC'，'GTA'，'CCG'，'TAA'，'AGA'] 
 

奖金

biopython库，例如

  poolA = ['AAG'，'TAC'，'CGG'，'GAT'，'TTG'，'GTG'，'CAT'，'GGC'，'ATT'，'TCT'] 
 
来自Bio.Seq import Seq 
来自Bio.Alphabet import IUPAC 
 
 [str（Seq（seq，IUPAC.unambiguous_dna）.complement（））for seq in poolA] 
  

您会得到相同的结果

Bonus 2

修复您的代码，删除不必要的变量 counter

  poolA = ['AAG'，'TAC'，'CGG'，'GAT'，'TTG'，'GTG'，'CAT' GGC'，'ATT'，'TCT'] 
 complements = {'A'：'T'，'C'：'G'，'T'：'A'，'G'：'C'} 
 
 def match_codons（complementments，poolA）：
 answer = [] 
 for i in poolA：
 codon =''迭代
 for a in i：
 codon + = complements [a] 
 answer.append（codon）＃在次要外部，密码子有三个结束迭代
 return answer 
 
 matching_codons（complementments，poolA）
  

I'm trying to write a program that converts letters matching a key in a dictionary to the value associated with that key e.g. if the dictionary is {'A':'T', 'C':'G', 'T':'A', 'G':'C'} and the string is 'AAG' the output should be 'TTC'.

EDIT: This is what I've got now thanks to some of your answers:

def matching_codons(complements, poolA):
  answer = []
  codon = ''
  counter = 0

  for i in poolA:
    for a in i:
      codon+= complements[a]
      counter += 1
      if counter == 3:
        answer.append(codon)

Unfortunately this only translates the first 3 letters - how can I make it keep running through the loop?

Note: poolA is a list of strings e.g. ['AAG', 'TAC', 'CGG', 'GAT', 'TTG', 'GTG', 'CAT', 'GGC', 'ATT', 'TCT']

Note2: I can't hard-code anything like a translation table because technically the dictionary input can be changed

解决方案

another solution is using maketrans from string

from string import maketrans
complementTrans = maketrans("ACTG", "TGAC")

poolA =  ['AAG', 'TAC', 'CGG', 'GAT', 'TTG', 'GTG', 'CAT', 'GGC', 'ATT', 'TCT']
[codon.translate(complementTrans) for codon in poolA]

you get:

['TTC', 'ATG', 'GCC', 'CTA', 'AAC', 'CAC', 'GTA', 'CCG', 'TAA', 'AGA']

Bonus

It is always better to use biopython library, for example

poolA =  ['AAG', 'TAC', 'CGG', 'GAT', 'TTG', 'GTG', 'CAT', 'GGC', 'ATT', 'TCT']

from Bio.Seq import Seq
from Bio.Alphabet import IUPAC

[str(Seq(seq, IUPAC.unambiguous_dna).complement()) for seq in poolA]

you get the same result

Bonus 2

Fixing your code, I remove unnecessary variable counter

poolA =  ['AAG', 'TAC', 'CGG', 'GAT', 'TTG', 'GTG', 'CAT', 'GGC', 'ATT', 'TCT']
complements = {'A':'T', 'C':'G', 'T':'A', 'G':'C'} 

def matching_codons(complements, poolA):
    answer = []
    for i in poolA:
        codon = ''     # inside of for, codon reset in each iteration
        for a in i:
            codon+= complements[a]
        answer.append(codon)  # outside of secondary for, codon have three leters to end iterations
    return answer

matching_codons(complements, poolA)

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