与关系数据库相比，使用无模式数据库（如MongoDB）有什么优势？ [英] What are the advantages of using a schema-free database like MongoDB compared to a relational database?

问题描述

我习惯于使用像MySQL或PostgreSQL这样的关系数据库，结合MVC框架，如Symfony，RoR或Django，我认为它工作的很好。

I'm used to using relational databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL, and combined with MVC frameworks such as Symfony, RoR or Django, and I think it works great.

但最近我听说过很多关于MongoDB的非关系数据库，或者引用正式定义

But lately I've heard a lot about MongoDB which is a non-relational database, or, to quote the official definition,

一个可扩展，高性能，开放的
源，无模式，面向
数据库。

a scalable, high-performance, open source, schema-free, document-oriented database.

我真的有兴趣在边缘，想知道所有的选项，

I'm really interested in being on edge and want to be aware of all the options I'll have for a next project and choose the best technologies out there.

在哪些情况下使用MongoDB（或类似数据库）比使用经典关系数据库更好？
MongoDB和MySQL的优势一般是什么？
或至少，为什么这么不同？

In which cases using MongoDB (or similar databases) is better than using a "classic" relational databases? And what are the advantages of MongoDB vs MySQL in general? Or at least, why is it so different?

如果你有指向文档和/或示例的指针，这将是很大的帮助。 p>

If you have pointers to documentation and/or examples, it would be of great help too.

推荐答案

以下是MongoDB构建Web应用程序的一些优点：

Here are some of the advantages of MongoDB for building web applications:

1. 基于文档的数据模型。存储的基本单元类似于JSON，Python字典，Ruby哈希等。这是一个丰富的数据结构，能够保存数组和其他文档。这意味着您通常可以在单个实体中表示一个构造，该构造需要几个表在关系数据库中正确表示。如果您的数据不可变，这是非常有用的。


2. 深度查询能力。 MongoDB支持使用基于文档的查询语言对文档进行动态查询，查询语言几乎与SQL一样强大。


3. 无模式迁移。由于MongoDB是无模式的，因此您的代码定义了您的模式。


4. 横向可伸缩性的明确路径。

1. A document-based data model. The basic unit of storage is analogous to JSON, Python dictionaries, Ruby hashes, etc. This is a rich data structure capable of holding arrays and other documents. This means you can often represent in a single entity a construct that would require several tables to properly represent in a relational db. This is especially useful if your data is immutable.
2. Deep query-ability. MongoDB supports dynamic queries on documents using a document-based query language that's nearly as powerful as SQL.
3. No schema migrations. Since MongoDB is schema-free, your code defines your schema.
4. A clear path to horizontal scalability.

$ b b

您需要详细了解它，并使用它来获得更好的主意。以下是在线演示：

You'll need to read more about it and play with it to get a better idea. Here's an online demo:

http：//try.mongodb。 org /

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