在接下来的X天生日快乐的人物 [英] Queryset of people with a birthday in the next X days

问题描述

在接下来的X天，我如何获得有生日的人的查询？我看到这个答案，但它确实

how do i get queryset of people with a birthday in the next X days? I saw this answer, but it does not suit me, because gets people only with current year of birth.

推荐答案

假设一个这样的模型 -

Assuming a model like this--

class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
    birthday = models.DateTimeField() # their next birthday

下一步将是创建一个查询过滤掉任何记录生日有一个月和一天之间（现在今天，今天）和（当天，当天）。通过传递Person.objects.filter这样的关键字参数，您可以使用查询API实际访问datetime对象的月和日属性：birthday__month。我尝试了一个实际的queryset API方法，如birthday__month__gte，它失败了。所以我建议在每个（月，日）日期范围内生成一个月/日元组元的列表，然后将它们全部组合成一个django.db.models.Q的查询，如下所示： / p>

The next step would be to create a query filtering out any records with birthdays having a month and day in between (now.month, now.day) and (then.month, then.day). You can actually access the month and day attributes of the datetime object using the queryset API by passing Person.objects.filter a keyword argument like this: "birthday__month." I tried this with an actual queryset API method like "birthday__month__gte" and it failed though. So I would suggest simply generating a literal list of month/day tuples representing each (month, day) in the date range you want records for, then compose them all into a query with django.db.models.Q, like so:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import operator

from django.db.models import Q

def birthdays_within(days):

    now = datetime.now()
    then = now + timedelta(days)

    # Build the list of month/day tuples.
    monthdays = [(now.month, now.day)]
    while now <= then:
        monthdays.append((now.month, now.day))
        now += timedelta(days=1)

    # Tranform each into queryset keyword args.
    monthdays = (dict(zip(("birthday__month", "birthday__day"), t)) 
                 for t in monthdays)


    # Compose the djano.db.models.Q objects together for a single query.
    query = reduce(operator.or_, (Q(**d) for d in monthdays))

    # Run the query.
    return Person.objects.filter(query)

调试完成后，应该返回一个查询每个具有生日的人，其月份和日期等于指定的元组列表中的任何一个月或几天。

After debugging, this should return a queryset with each person who has a birthday with month and day equal to any of the months or days in the specified list of tuples.

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