在Django用户模型中需要first_name和last_name [英] Requiring first_name and last_name in Django User model

问题描述

在 django.contrib.auth.models.User 中， first_name 和 last_name 字段有 blank = True 。我如何使自己的模型中的 blank = False，null = False

In django.contrib.auth.models.User, both first_name and last_name fields have blank=True. How can I make them blank=False, null=False in my own model?

这是我的实现，其基本遵循扩展的说明现有的用户模型：

Here is my implementation, which basically follows the instructions of Extending the existing User model:

models.py

models.py

class Fellow(models.Model):

    user = models.OneToOneField(
        User,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE
    )

    first_name = models.CharField(
        _("first_name"),
        max_length=30,
    )
    last_name = models.CharField(
        _("last_name"),
        max_length=30,
    )

    # other fields omitted

from . import signals

signals.py

signals.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver

from .models import Fellow


@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_fellow_on_user_create(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        Fellow.objects.create(user=instance)

但是，在 python manage.py shell 中测试时出现错误：

However, I got an error when testing in python manage.py shell:

>>> f = Fellow.objects.create(username='username', password='passwd')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_tutorial/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_tutorial/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 392, in create
    obj = self.model(**kwargs)
  File "/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_tutorial/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 571, in __init__
    raise TypeError("'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % list(kwargs)[0])
TypeError: 'username' is an invalid keyword argument for this function

推荐答案

你误解了教程。您所指的员工示例说明如何添加到用户中，这是通过一个 OneToOneField 原始用户模型完好无损，但对于所有实际用途，就好像用户有一个新的字段称为部门。这是通过在数据库中创建两个单独的表来实现的。

You have misunderstood the tutorial. The employee example you are referring to explains how to add to the User this is done by way of a OneToOneField that leaves the original User model intact but for all practical purposes it's as if the User had a new field called department. This is implemented by creating two separate tables in the database.

在 Employee 和 Fellow 您不能在没有先创建用户实例的情况下直接创建新实例。这是因为这些模型都不直接拥有用户名字段。所以这样做两步

There is one caveat, in the Employee and the Fellow you can't directly create new instances in the way you have tried without first creating a User instance. That's because neither of those models directly own a username field. So do it in two steps

user = User(username='Sun')   
user.set_password('123')
user.save()

f = Fellow(user=user)

但是这种方法还不太理想。您有两个模型中的first_name和last_name字段。总会导致混乱。正确的方法是将AbstractBaseUser

But this approach is still less than desirable. you have a first_name and last_name field in both models. It will always lead to confusion. The proper method is to subclass AbstractBaseUser

class Fellow(AbstractBaseUser):

   first_name = models.CharField(max_length=254)

AbstractBaseUser 是一个裸体用户（请参阅代码： https： //github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py#L47 ），它没有first_name和last_name，因此您可以使用所需的行为添加它们。

AbstractBaseUser is a bare bones User (see the code: https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py#L47) it does not have a first_name and last_name so you can add them with the behaviour that you want.

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