Django模型表单：显示OneToMany字段的查询表单和句柄请求 [英] Django Model Form: show query form and handle post request for OneToMany fields
问题描述
我有一个名为问题的模型，它有多个（2 -4）选择并定义如下：
class Question（models.Model）：
name = models.CharField （max_length = 128）
class Choice（models.Model）：
name = models.CharField（max_length = 256）
is_correct = models.BooleanField（default = False）
问题= models.ForeignKey（Question，on_delete = models.CASCADE）
在多个选择中只有一个是正确的
我想做什么：在一个页面中，用户可以连同多个选项提交问题，这里是一个UI草稿：
我的第一个问题：我已经定义了ModelForm，但不知道如何添加选择字段到QuestionForm：
类QuestionForm（ModelForm）：
name = forms.CharField（max_length = 128 ）
description = forms.CharField（max_length = 256）
class Meta：
model = Question
fields = ['name'，'description']
class ChoiceForm（ModelForm）：
name = forms.CharField（max_length = 256）
is_correct = forms.BooleanField（）
class Meta：
model = Choice
fields = ['name'，'is_correct']
可以使用ModelForm渲染我的第二个问题是：如果使用点击提交按钮，我使用AJAX将json数据发送到后台服务器，这里是一个例子的表单数据：
name：question1
choices [] [name]：choice1
choices [] [is_correct]：1
choices [] [name]：choice2
choices [] [is_correct]：0
这是我的代码handlin g请求：
form = QuestionForm（request.POST）
如果form.is_valid（）：
问题= form.save（）
如何从请求中解析选择？
如何从POST请求中解析多个选择部分的数据？
再次，我是Django的新手，任何回答/建议都非常感谢
你的模型似乎是正确的，为了能够在你的模板中添加多个选择，你需要一个< href =https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/forms/formsets/ =nofollow> formset 。此外，您可以将模板中的表单和表单放在同一个HTML表单中，并将其单独验证。每个人只关心与他们相关的POST数据。例如：
template.html
< form method =postaction =>
{％csrf_token％}
{{choices_formset.management_form}}<！ - django用于管理表单 - >
{{question_form.as_p}}
{choice for forms_formset％}中的表单
{{form.as_p}}
{％endfor％}
<按钮类型= '提交' >提交< /按钮>
< / form>
views.py
from django.db import IntegrityError，transaction
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def new_question（request）：
ChoicesFormset = formset_factory（ChoicesForm）
如果request.method =='POST' ：
question_form = QuestionForm（request.POST）
choices_formset = ChoicesFormset（request.POST）
如果question_form.is_valid（）：
question = Question（** question_form.cleaned_data）
如果choices_formset.is_valid（）：
question.save（）
new_choice_list = list（）
append_choice = new_choice_list.append
for choices_formset中的
form.cleaned_data.update（{'question'：question}）
append_choice（Choice（** form.cleaned_data））
try：
with transaction.atomic（）：
Choice.objects.bulk_create（new_choice_list）
除了IntegrityError为e：
raise IntegrityError
return redirect（reverse（'question-detail-view'，kwargs = {'id'：question.id}））
def question_detail（request，id） ：
question_list = Question.objects.get（id = id）
return render（request，'question_detail.html'，{'question_list'：question_list}）
urls.py
url（r'^ question / $'，new_question，name ='new-question-view'），
url（r'^ question /（？P< id> \d +）/ $' ，question_detail，name ='question-detail-view'），
如果要使用< a href =https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/csrf/#ajax =nofollow> Ajax 提交而不是django表单sumbission 检查此 tutoriel 。
I am a newbie to Django and could not find similar questions after searching on google/SO.
I've a model named Questions, which has multiple(2-4) choices and defined as below:
class Question(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
class Choice(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
is_correct = models.BooleanField(default=False)
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Of the multiple choices only one is correct.
What I want to do: In just one page, user could submit a question together with multiple choices, here is a draft of UI:
My first question: I've defined ModelForm but don't know how to add "choices" field to QuestionForm:
class QuestionForm(ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=128)
description = forms.CharField(max_length=256)
class Meta:
model = Question
fields = ['name', 'description']
class ChoiceForm(ModelForm):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=256)
is_correct = forms.BooleanField()
class Meta:
model = Choice
fields = ['name', 'is_correct']
Is it possible to use ModelForm the render the above HTML page besides writing it manually?
My second question: If use clicks "Submit" button, I use AJAX to send json data to backend server, here is an example of form data:
name:question1
choices[][name]:choice1
choices[][is_correct]:1
choices[][name]:choice2
choices[][is_correct]:0
And this is my code handling the request:
form = QuestionForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
question = form.save()
How to parse choices from the request? How could I parse data of multiple choices part from the POST request?
Again, I'm a newbie to Django and any answers/suggestions is highly appreciated.
You models seems to be correct, in order to be able to add mutiple choices in your template you need a formset. In addition you can put a formset and a form inside the same html form in a template and have them be validated individually. Each one only cares about the POST data relevant to them. Something like:
template.html
<form method="post" action="">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ choices_formset.management_form }} <!-- used by django to manage formsets -->
{{ question_form.as_p }}
{% for form in choices_formset %}
{{ form.as_p }}
{% endfor %}
<button type='submit'>Submit</button>
</form>
views.py
from django.db import IntegrityError, transaction
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def new_question(request):
ChoicesFormset = formset_factory(ChoicesForm)
if request.method == 'POST':
question_form = QuestionForm(request.POST)
choices_formset = ChoicesFormset(request.POST)
if question_form.is_valid():
question = Question(**question_form.cleaned_data)
if choices_formset.is_valid():
question.save()
new_choice_list = list()
append_choice = new_choice_list.append
for form in choices_formset:
form.cleaned_data.update({'question': question})
append_choice(Choice(**form.cleaned_data))
try:
with transaction.atomic():
Choice.objects.bulk_create(new_choice_list)
except IntegrityError as e:
raise IntegrityError
return redirect(reverse('question-detail-view', kwargs={'id': question.id}))
def question_detail(request, id):
question_list = Question.objects.get(id=id)
return render(request, 'question_detail.html', {'question_list': question_list})
urls.py
url(r'^question/$', new_question, name='new-question-view'),
url(r'^question/(?P<id>\d+)/$', question_detail, name='question-detail-view'),
If you want to use rather Ajax submission rather than django form sumbission check this tutoriel.
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