IP地理查询如何工作？ [英] How does geographic lookup by IP work?

问题描述

哪些IP分配给哪些ISP的公共信息？地理IP服务如何获取这些信息并维护这些信息？

Is which IPs are assigned to which ISPs public information? How do geo IP services obtain this information and maintain this information?

如果不使用这些服务之一，我如何亲自确定某个IP所在的位置？

How can I personally figure out where a certain IP belongs without using one of these services?

推荐答案

为什么值得，我在ISP行业的高级工作了十多年，所以我有一些经验。

For what it's worth, I worked at a senior level in the ISP industry for more than a decade so I have quite some experience with this.

IANA 根据需要分配大型IP范围每个区域互联网注册管理机构。

Large IP ranges are allocated as needed by IANA to each of the Regional Internet Registries.

这些地区的大小一般是大陆型的 - IP地址不是分配在每个国家/地区。

The regions are generally continental in size - IP addresses are not assigned on a per-country basis.

RIR又分配IP地址给ISP，后者又将它们分配给最终用户。

The RIRs in turn then allocate IP addresses to ISPs, who in turn assign them to end-users.

每个RIR都维护一个 whois 服务器可以查询不仅查找哪个ISP已经分配了任何netblock，但在一定程度上分配了哪个最终用户和最终用户的地址。

Each of the RIRs maintain a whois server which can be queried to find out not only which ISP has been assigned any netblock, but to a certain extent which end-user, and that end-user's address.

请注意，许多ISP不会为每个单一客户。因此，如果您是DSL服务的住宅用户，那么Geo记录可能会提供您的ISP的地址，而不是您自己的地址。

Note that many ISPs do not fill out this information for every single customer. Hence if you're a residential subscriber of a DSL service, it's likely that the Geo records will give the address of your ISP, and not your own address.

GeoLocation提供商主要通过挖掘这些 whois 记录。请注意，这样做的合法性是一个灰色地带 - RIPE的数据库版权声明是这里。

The various GeoLocation providers mostly work by mining these whois records. Note that the legality of doing so is something of a gray area - RIPE's database copyright statement is here.

IANA还维护DNS的根区域，但这完全与任何IP分配功能分离。维护域名操作和IP地址之间的区别非常重要。

IANA also maintains the root zone for the DNS, but that is completely separate from any IP allocation functions. It is very important to maintain the distinction between domain name operations and IP addresses.

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