寻找第二大数字阵列最多n +log₂(N)-2比较 [英] Find Second largest number in array at most n+log₂(n)−2 comparisons

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问题描述

正在给定为输入的n不同数字,其中n是2的幂给出一个算法标识阵列中的第二大数量的未分类的数组,以及使用最多n +log₂(正) - 2比较。

解决方案
  1. 开始,在奇数和偶数位置比较n个元素数组的元素,并确定每对的最大元素。此步骤需要n / 2比较。现在你只拿到N ​​/ 2个元素。继续两两比较,以获得N / 4,N / 8,...元素。停车时,最大的元素被发现。此步骤需要总数为n / 2 + N / 4 + N / 8 + ... + 1 = n-1个比较。
  2. 在previous一步,最大的元素立即与log₂(n)的其他元素进行比较。您可以确定最大的这些元素的log₂(N)-1的比较。这将是在阵列中第二大数目。

例如:8个数字阵列[10,9,5,4,11,100,120,110]

1的水平比较:10.9] - > 10 [5,4] - > 5,[11100] - > 100, [120,110] - > 120

2的水平比较:[10.5] - > 10 [100,120] - > 120

3级比较: [10120] - > 120

最大是120.有人立刻相比:10(3级),100(2级),110(1级)

步骤2应该找的10,100最大的,和110这是110。这是第二大因素。

You are given as input an unsorted array of n distinct numbers, where n is a power of 2. Give an algorithm that identifies the second-largest number in the array, and that uses at most n+log₂(n)−2 comparisons.

解决方案

  1. Start with comparing elements of the n element array in odd and even positions and determining largest element of each pair. This step requires n/2 comparisons. Now you've got only n/2 elements. Continue pairwise comparisons to get n/4, n/8, ... elements. Stop when the largest element is found. This step requires a total of n/2 + n/4 + n/8 + ... + 1 = n-1 comparisons.
  2. During previous step, the largest element was immediately compared with log₂(n) other elements. You can determine the largest of these elements in log₂(n)-1 comparisons. That would be the second-largest number in the array.


Example: array of 8 numbers [10,9,5,4,11,100,120,110].

Comparisons on level 1: [10,9] ->10 [5,4]-> 5, [11,100]->100 , [120,110]-->120.

Comparisons on level 2: [10,5] ->10 [100,120]->120.

Comparisons on level 3: [10,120]->120.

Maximum is 120. It was immediately compared with: 10 (on level 3), 100 (on level 2), 110 (on level 1).

Step 2 should find the maximum of 10, 100, and 110. Which is 110. That's the second largest element.

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