在Python中转义一个用于shell命令的字符串 [英] escape a string for shell commands in Python

问题描述

我有兴趣在Python3.x中转义一个字符串，例如：

  SOME_MACRO（a，b）
  

into ...

  SOME_MACRO\（a，\ b\）
  

...所以它可以传递给一个程序（在这种情况下不是gcc）作为一个定义，

例如，

  some_program -DSOME_MACRO\（a，\ b\）=某些表达式
  

我希望 shlex 将具有此功能，但我没有找到如何做到这一点，并检查了许多类似的问题。 >

我不介意写一些简单的函数来做到这一点，但这似乎是Python将包含的一种东西。

注意：

c $ c> -DSOME_MACRO（a，b）=某些表达式

它期望第一个字符是一个ident ifier。

解决方案

在Python 3.3中，您可以使用 shlex.quote 返回一个shell转义的字符串版本。它是 pipes.quote 的继承者，自Python 1.6。请注意，如另一答案中所建议的那样，文档建议不要使用列表的。另外根据文档，引用与UNIX shell兼容。我不能保证它适用于您的案例，但是使用 rm ，使用管道进行快速测试，因为我没有Python 3.3：

  $ touch \（a\ b\）
 $ ls 
（ab）
 
>>>导入子流程，管道
>>> filename = pipes.quote（（a b））
>>> command ='rm {}'。format（filename）
>>> subprocess.Popen（command，shell = True）
 
 $ ls 
 $ 
  

I'm interested to escape a string in Python3.x, such as:

SOME_MACRO(a, b)

into...

SOME_MACRO\(a,\ b\)

... so that it can be passed to a program (not gcc in this case) as a define,

eg,

some_program -DSOME_MACRO\(a,\ b\)="some expression"

I would expect shlex would have this functionality but I didn't find how to do this and checked many similar questions already.

I don't mind to write some simple function to do this, but this seems the kind of thing Python would include.

Note: the program I'm passing the argument to wont accept:

-D"SOME_MACRO(a, b)"="some expression"

... it expects the first character to be an identifier.

解决方案

In Python 3.3 you can use shlex.quote to return a shell-escaped version of a string. It is the successor of pipes.quote, which was deprecated since Python 1.6. Note that the documentation recommends this for cases where you cannot use a list, as suggested in another answer. Also according to the documentation, the quoting is compatible with UNIX shells. I can't guarantee that it will work for your case, but a quick test with rm, using pipes because I don't have Python 3.3:

$ touch \(a\ b\)
$ ls
(a b)

>>> import subprocess, pipes
>>> filename = pipes.quote("(a b)")
>>> command = 'rm {}'.format(filename)
>>> subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True)

$ ls
$

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