在VBA(Excel)中减去范围 [英] Subtracting ranges in VBA (Excel)
问题描述
我正在尝试写一个函数来减去Excel范围< STRONG>。它应该有两个输入参数:范围A和范围B.它应该返回由范围A的一部分组成的范围对象,而不是范围B的一部分(如设置减法)
我已经看到一些使用临时工作表来做这个事情的例子(快速但可能会引入一些受保护的工作簿等问题)和/或其他一些例子通过第一个范围单元格进行单元格检查与第二个区域的交叉点(极慢)。
I've seen some examples on the web that use a temporary worksheet to do this (fast, but might introduce some issues with protected workbooks and such) and some other examples that go cell by cell through the first range checking for intersections with the second one (extremely slow).
经过一些思考,我来了使用此代码{1} ,这可以更快,但仍然很慢。从代表整个工作表的范围中减去需要1到5分钟,具体取决于第二个范围的复杂程度。
After some thinking I've come up with this code {1}, which works faster, but still is slow. Subtracting from a range representing the whole worksheet takes from 1 to 5 minutes depending on how complex the second range is.
当我查看该代码试图找到方法我看到有可能应用分治征服范例,这是我做的 {2} 。但是这使我的代码变慢了。我不是一个CS的家伙,所以我可能做错了,或者这个算法根本不是应该使用的分治法,我不知道。
When I looked over that code trying to find ways to make it faster I saw a possibility for applying the divide-and-conquer paradigm, which I did {2}. But that had made my code slower instead. I'm not much of a CS guy, so I might have done something wrong or this algorithm simply is not the one the divide-and-conquer should be used on, I don't know.
我也尝试使用大部分递归来重写它,但是这永远是完成的,(或更频繁地)抛出了堆栈空间错误。我没有保存代码。
I have also tried rewriting it using mostly recursion, but that took forever to finish or (more often) had thrown Out of Stack Space errors. I didn't save the code.
我已经能够做的唯一(轻微)成功的改进是添加了一个翻转开关{3} 然后通过列,然后(在下一次调用中)通过列,而不是在同一个调用中进行两次,但效果不如我所希望的那么好。现在我看到即使我们没有通过第一个调用中的所有行,在第二个调用中,我们仍然循环遍历与第一个调用相同数量的行,只有这些行稍微缩短一点:)
The only (marginally) successful improvement I've been able to do is adding a flip switch {3} and going first through rows, then (in the next call) through columns instead of going through both in the same call, but the effect was not as good as I've hoped. Now I see that even though we don't go through all rows in the first call, in the second call we still loop through the same amount of rows we would in the first one, only these rows are a little bit shorter :)
感谢您改进或重写此功能的任何帮助,谢谢!
I would appreciate any help in improving or rewriting this function, thank you!
< a href =https://stackoverflow.com/users/4280> Dick Kusleika ,非常感谢您提供您的答案!我想我会用它做一些修改:
Dick Kusleika, thank you very much for providing your answer! I think I'll use it with some modifications I've made:
- 摆脱全局变量(mrBuild)
- 修正某些重叠条件以排除无重叠情况
- 添加更复杂的条件来选择是否将范围从上到下或从左到右分割
通过这些修改,代码在大多数常见情况下运行速度非常快。正如我们已经指出的那样,我认为这是不可避免的棋盘式大范围仍然会很慢。
With these modifications the code runs very fast on the most of common cases. As it's been pointed out, it will still be slow with checkerboard-style huge range which I agree is unavoidable.
我认为这个代码还有改进的空间,
I think this code still has a room for improvement and I'll update this post in case I modify it.
改进的可能性:
- 选择如何拆分范围(按列或行)的启发式
{0}解决方案代码
Public Function SubtractRanges(rFirst As Range, rSecond As Range) As Range
'
' Returns a range of cells that are part of rFirst, but not part of rSecond
' (as in set subtraction)
'
' This function handles big input ranges really well!
'
' The reason for having a separate recursive function is
' handling multi-area rFirst range
'
Dim rInter As Range
Dim rReturn As Range
Dim rArea As Range
Set rInter = Intersect(rFirst, rSecond)
Set mrBuild = Nothing
If rInter Is Nothing Then 'no overlap
Set rReturn = rFirst
ElseIf rInter.Address = rFirst.Address Then 'total overlap
Set rReturn = Nothing
Else 'partial overlap
For Each rArea In rFirst.Areas
Set mrBuild = BuildRange(rArea, rInter) 'recursive
Next rArea
Set rReturn = mrBuild
End If
Set SubtractRanges = rReturn
End Function
Private Function BuildRange(rArea As Range, rInter As Range, _
Optional mrBuild As Range = Nothing) As Range
'
' Recursive function for SubtractRanges()
'
' Subtracts rInter from rArea and adds the result to mrBuild
'
Dim rLeft As Range, rRight As Range
Dim rTop As Range, rBottom As Range
Dim rInterSub As Range
Dim GoByColumns As Boolean
Set rInterSub = Intersect(rArea, rInter)
If rInterSub Is Nothing Then 'no overlap
If mrBuild Is Nothing Then
Set mrBuild = rArea
Else
Set mrBuild = Union(mrBuild, rArea)
End If
ElseIf Not rInterSub.Address = rArea.Address Then 'some overlap
If Not rArea.Cells.CountLarge = 1 Then 'just in case there is only one cell for some impossible reason
' Decide whether to go by columns or by rows
' (helps when subtracting whole rows/columns)
If Not rInterSub.Columns.Count = rArea.Columns.Count And _
((Not rInterSub.Cells.CountLarge = 1 And _
(rInterSub.Rows.Count > rInterSub.Columns.Count _
And rArea.Columns.Count > 1) Or (rInterSub.Rows.Count = 1 _
And Not rArea.Columns.Count = 1)) Or _
(rInterSub.Cells.CountLarge = 1 _
And rArea.Columns.Count > rArea.Rows.Count)) Then
GoByColumns = True
Else
GoByColumns = False
End If
If Not GoByColumns Then
Set rTop = rArea.Resize(rArea.Rows.Count \ 2) 'split the range top to bottom
Set rBottom = rArea.Resize(rArea.Rows.Count - rTop.Rows.Count).Offset(rTop.Rows.Count)
Set mrBuild = BuildRange(rTop, rInterSub, mrBuild) 'rerun it
Set mrBuild = BuildRange(rBottom, rInterSub, mrBuild)
Else
Set rLeft = rArea.Resize(, rArea.Columns.Count \ 2) 'split the range left to right
Set rRight = rArea.Resize(, rArea.Columns.Count - rLeft.Columns.Count).Offset(, rLeft.Columns.Count)
Set mrBuild = BuildRange(rLeft, rInterSub, mrBuild) 'rerun it
Set mrBuild = BuildRange(rRight, rInterSub, mrBuild)
End If
End If
End If
Set BuildRange = mrBuild
End Function
问题
{1}中提到的其他代码初始代码(逐列排列)
Function SubtractRanges(RangeA, RangeB) As Range
'
' Returns a range of cells that are part of RangeA, but not part of RangeB
'
' This function handles big RangeA pretty well (took less than a minute
' on my computer with RangeA = ActiveSheet.Cells)
'
Dim CommonArea As Range
Dim Result As Range
Set CommonArea = Intersect(RangeA, RangeB)
If CommonArea Is Nothing Then
Set Result = RangeA
ElseIf CommonArea.Address = RangeA.Address Then
Set Result = Nothing
Else
'a routine to deal with A LOT of cells in RangeA
'go column by column, then row by row
Dim GoodCells As Range
Dim UnworkedCells As Range
For Each Area In RangeA.Areas
For Each Row In Area.Rows
Set RowCommonArea = Intersect(Row, CommonArea)
If Not RowCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not RowCommonArea.Address = Row.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Row)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Row)
End If
Next Row
For Each Column In Area.Columns
Set ColumnCommonArea = Intersect(Column, CommonArea)
If Not ColumnCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not ColumnCommonArea.Address = Column.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Column)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Column)
End If
Next Column
Next Area
If Not UnworkedCells Is Nothing Then
For Each Area In UnworkedCells
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, SubtractRanges(Area, CommonArea))
Next Area
End If
Set Result = GoodCells
End If
Set SubtractRanges = Result
End Function
{2}征服
Function SubtractRanges(RangeA, RangeB) As Range
'
' Returns a range of cells that are part of RangeA, but not part of RangeB
'
Dim CommonArea As Range
Dim Result As Range
Set CommonArea = Intersect(RangeA, RangeB)
If CommonArea Is Nothing Then
Set Result = RangeA
ElseIf CommonArea.Address = RangeA.Address Then
Set Result = Nothing
Else
'a routine to deal with A LOT of cells in RangeA
'go column by column, then row by row
Dim GoodCells As Range
Dim UnworkedCells As Range
For Each Area In RangeA.Areas
RowsNumber = Area.Rows.Count
If RowsNumber > 1 Then
Set RowsLeft = Range(Area.Rows(1), Area.Rows(RowsNumber / 2))
Set RowsRight = Range(Area.Rows(RowsNumber / 2 + 1), Area.Rows(RowsNumber))
Else
Set RowsLeft = Area
Set RowsRight = CommonArea.Cells(1, 1) 'the next best thing to Nothing - will end its cycle rather fast and won't throw an error with For Each statement
End If
For Each Row In Array(RowsLeft, RowsRight)
Set RowCommonArea = Intersect(Row, CommonArea)
If Not RowCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not RowCommonArea.Address = Row.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Row)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Row)
End If
Next Row
ColumnsNumber = Area.Columns.Count
If ColumnsNumber > 1 Then
Set ColumnsLeft = Range(Area.Columns(1), Area.Columns(ColumnsNumber / 2))
Set ColumnsRight = Range(Area.Columns(ColumnsNumber / 2 + 1), Area.Columns(ColumnsNumber))
Else
Set ColumnsLeft = Area
Set ColumnsRight = CommonArea.Cells(1, 1)
End If
For Each Column In Array(ColumnsLeft, ColumnsRight)
Set ColumnCommonArea = Intersect(Column, CommonArea)
If Not ColumnCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not ColumnCommonArea.Address = Column.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Column)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Column)
End If
Next Column
Next Area
If Not UnworkedCells Is Nothing Then
For Each Area In UnworkedCells
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, SubtractRanges(Area, CommonArea))
Next Area
End If
Set Result = GoodCells
End If
Set SubtractRanges = Result
End Function
{3}初始代码+翻转开关(逐列或逐列)
Function SubtractRanges(RangeA, RangeB, Optional Flip As Boolean = False) As Range
'
' Returns a range of cells that are part of RangeA, but not part of RangeB
'
' This function handles big RangeA pretty well (took less than a minute
' on my computer with RangeA = ActiveSheet.Cells)
'
Dim CommonArea As Range
Dim Result As Range
Set CommonArea = Intersect(RangeA, RangeB)
If CommonArea Is Nothing Then
Set Result = RangeA
ElseIf CommonArea.Address = RangeA.Address Then
Set Result = Nothing
Else
'a routine to deal with A LOT of cells in RangeA
'go column by column, then row by row
Dim GoodCells As Range
Dim UnworkedCells As Range
For Each Area In RangeA.Areas
If Flip Then
For Each Row In Area.Rows
Set RowCommonArea = Intersect(Row, CommonArea)
If Not RowCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not RowCommonArea.Address = Row.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Row)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Row)
End If
Next Row
Else
For Each Column In Area.Columns
Set ColumnCommonArea = Intersect(Column, CommonArea)
If Not ColumnCommonArea Is Nothing Then
If Not ColumnCommonArea.Address = Column.Address Then
Set UnworkedCells = AddRanges(UnworkedCells, Column)
End If
Else
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, Column)
End If
Next Column
End If
Next Area
If Not UnworkedCells Is Nothing Then
For Each Area In UnworkedCells
Set GoodCells = AddRanges(GoodCells, SubtractRanges(Area, CommonArea, Not Flip))
Next Area
End If
Set Result = GoodCells
End If
Set SubtractRanges = Result
End Function
一个小帮手功能在这里和那里有一些:
A little helper function mentioned here and there:
Function AddRanges(RangeA, RangeB)
'
' The same as Union built-in but handles empty ranges fine.
'
If Not RangeA Is Nothing And Not RangeB Is Nothing Then
Set AddRanges = Union(RangeA, RangeB)
ElseIf RangeA Is Nothing And RangeB Is Nothing Then
Set AddRanges = Nothing
Else
If RangeA Is Nothing Then
Set AddRanges = RangeB
Else
Set AddRanges = RangeA
End If
End If
End Function
推荐答案
你的分裂与征服好像是一个好办法。您需要引入一些递归,应该是相当快的
Your divide and conquer seems like a good way to go. You need to introduce some recursion and should be reasonably fast
Private mrBuild As Range
Public Function SubtractRanges(rFirst As Range, rSecond As Range) As Range
Dim rInter As Range
Dim rReturn As Range
Dim rArea As Range
Set rInter = Intersect(rFirst, rSecond)
Set mrBuild = Nothing
If rInter Is Nothing Then 'No overlap
Set rReturn = rFirst
ElseIf rInter.Address = rFirst.Address Then 'total overlap
Set rReturn = Nothing
Else 'partial overlap
For Each rArea In rFirst.Areas
BuildRange rArea, rInter
Next rArea
Set rReturn = mrBuild
End If
Set SubtractRanges = rReturn
End Function
Sub BuildRange(rArea As Range, rInter As Range)
Dim rLeft As Range, rRight As Range
Dim rTop As Range, rBottom As Range
If Intersect(rArea, rInter) Is Nothing Then 'no overlap
If mrBuild Is Nothing Then
Set mrBuild = rArea
Else
Set mrBuild = Union(mrBuild, rArea)
End If
Else 'some overlap
If rArea.Columns.Count = 1 Then 'we've exhausted columns, so split on rows
If rArea.Rows.Count > 1 Then 'if one cell left, don't do anything
Set rTop = rArea.Resize(rArea.Rows.Count \ 2) 'split the range top to bottom
Set rBottom = rArea.Resize(rArea.Rows.Count - rTop.Rows.Count).Offset(rTop.Rows.Count)
BuildRange rTop, rInter 'rerun it
BuildRange rBottom, rInter
End If
Else
Set rLeft = rArea.Resize(, rArea.Columns.Count \ 2) 'split the range left to right
Set rRight = rArea.Resize(, rArea.Columns.Count - rLeft.Columns.Count).Offset(, rLeft.Columns.Count)
BuildRange rLeft, rInter 'rerun it
BuildRange rRight, rInter
End If
End If
End Sub
这些不是特别大的范围,但都跑得很快>
These aren't particularly huge ranges, but they all ran fast
?subtractranges(rangE("A1"),range("a10")).Address
$A$1
?subtractranges(range("a1"),range("a1")) is nothing
True
?subtractranges(range("$B$3,$B$6,$C$8:$W$39"),range("a1:C10")).Address
$C$11:$C$39,$D$8:$W$39
?subtractranges(range("a1:C10"),range("$B$3,$B$6,$C$8:$W$39")).Address
$A$1:$A$10,$B$1:$B$2,$B$4:$B$5,$B$7:$B$10,$C$1:$C$7
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