如何在GCC Linux中指定非默认的共享库路径？加载共享库时出现“错误”运行时 [英] How to specify non-default shared-library path in GCC Linux? Getting "error while loading shared libraries" when running

问题描述

有一台我没有root权限的笔记本电脑。

到机器上我使用 configure --prefix = $ HOME / .usr 来安装库。〜/ .usr / lib 中：


$ b

  libXX.so.16.0.0 
 libXX.so.16 
 libXX.so 
 libXX.la 
 libXX .a 
  

当我使用下面的命令编译一个程序来调用库提供的函数时：
gcc XXX.c -o xxx.out -L $ HOME / .usr / lib -lXX

xxx.out是在没有警告的情况下生成的，但是当我运行它时，会抛出这样的错误：

./ xxx.out：加载时出错共享库：libXX.so.16：无法打开共享目标文件：没有这样的文件或目录，尽管 libXX.so.16 驻留在那里。

我的线索简单的假设是，当xxx.out是时，〜/ .usr / lib 调用。
但我能做些什么来指定.so的路径，以便xxx.out可以在那里查找.so文件？

另外一个是当我将 -static 喂给gcc，另一个错误会发生，如下所示：

  undefined引用`function_proviced_by_the_very_librar'
  

看来 .so 即使给予gcc -L 和 -l <​​/ code>也无所谓。
我该怎么做才能用这个库建立一个可用的exe文件？

---

对于其他人来说，问题和我一样

我发现一篇关于tldp的有用文章。

它引入了静态/共享/动态加载的库，以及一些使用它们的示例代码。 / b>

解决方案

有两种方法可以实现这一点：

• 使用 -rpath 连结器选项：
  

gcc XXX.c -o xxx.out -L $ HOME / .usr / lib -lXX -Wl，-rpath = / home / user / .usr / lib

• 使用 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量 - 将此行放入〜/ .bashrc file：

  
  
  

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH = / home / user / .usr / lib
  

即使对于预生成的二进制文件，这也可以工作，因此您可以为exa从 debian.org 下载一些软件包，将二进制文件和共享库解压到主目录中，然后启动它们而不用重新编译。

对于快速测试，您也可以（至少在bash中）：

  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = / home / user / .usr / lib ./xxx.out 
  

不改变你的库路径的好处。

There is a laptop on which I have no root privilege.

onto the machine I have a library installed using configure --prefix=$HOME/.usr .

after that, I got these files in ~/.usr/lib :

libXX.so.16.0.0
libXX.so.16
libXX.so
libXX.la
libXX.a

when I compile a program that invokes one of function provided by the library with this command : gcc XXX.c -o xxx.out -L$HOME/.usr/lib -lXX

xxx.out was generated without warning, but when I run it error like this was thrown:

./xxx.out: error while loading shared libraries: libXX.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory , though libXX.so.16 resides there.

my clue-less assumption is that ~/.usr/lib wasn't searched when xxx.out is invoked. but what can I do to specify path of .so , in order that xxx.out can look there for .so file?

An addition is when I feed -static to gcc, another error happens like this:

undefined reference to `function_proviced_by_the_very_librar'

It seems .so does not matter even though -L and -l are given to gcc. what should I do to build a usable exe with that library?

---

For other people who has the same question as I did

I found a useful article at tldp about this.

It introduces static/shared/dynamic loaded library, as well as some example code to use them.

解决方案

There are two ways to achieve that:

• Use -rpath linker option:

gcc XXX.c -o xxx.out -L$HOME/.usr/lib -lXX -Wl,-rpath=/home/user/.usr/lib

• Use LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable - put this line in your ~/.bashrc file:

  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/user/.usr/lib

This will work even for a pre-generated binaries, so you can for example download some packages from the debian.org, unpack the binaries and shared libraries into your home directory, and launch them without recompiling.

For a quick test, you can also do (in bash at least):

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/user/.usr/lib ./xxx.out

which has the advantage of not changing your library path for everything else.

这篇关于如何在GCC Linux中指定非默认的共享库路径？加载共享库时出现“错误”运行时的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！