如何编写一个在java中使用两个相同类型参数的泛型方法? [英] How to write a generic method that takes two arguments of the same types in java?

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问题描述

当我注意到下面的代码编译时没有警告并且输出 Integer / String

  public final class GenericsTest {
private static< T> void方法(T arg1,T arg2){
System.out.println(arg1.getClass()。getSimpleName());
System.out.println(arg2.getClass()。getSimpleName());


public static void main(String [] args){
method(1,1);
}
}

我预计编译错误。



这段代码编译的原因是什么?



确保参数具有相同类型的正确方法是什么? p>

编辑:有界的类型参数怎么样?我能想到的最好的是:

  private static< T,U extends T> void method(T arg1,U arg2){
System.out.println(arg1.getClass()。getSimpleName());
System.out.println(arg2.getClass()。getSimpleName());
}

不幸的是,java不允许循环约束。 < T extends U,U extends T> 不会编译。这是一个死路一条?

解决方案

编译的原因是因为Java会推断出传入的参数的最具体的超类型,在这种情况下, Object Serializable&可比< ;?扩展了Serializable&可比< ;?在将 1 装箱到整数后扩展Comparable<?>>> 1作为字符串



没有泛型:

  private static void method(Number arg1,Number arg2){

即使没有泛型,您也可以传入整数和一个 Double



只有当问题类型是 final 时,才可以这样做,没有泛型:

  private static void method(String arg1,String arg2){
//是的,它们是两个字符串,保证。

有一种边界情况,我可以想到确保它们是确切类型的泛型。如果你有一个 final 类,并且你放置了一个上限,那么你可以将它限制在同一个类中。

  public< T extends MyFinalClass> void method(T arg1,T arg2){
//是的,它们都是MyFinalClasses
}

但是你可以做同样的事情没有泛型。

  public void method(MyFinalClass arg1,MyFinalClass arg2){
//是的,它们都是MyFinalClasses
}


I was very surprised when I noticed that following code compiles without warnings and prints Integer / String:

public final class GenericsTest {
    private static <T> void method(T arg1, T arg2) {
        System.out.println(arg1.getClass().getSimpleName());
        System.out.println(arg2.getClass().getSimpleName());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        method(1, "1");
    }
}

I expected a compilation error.

Is there a reason why this code compiles?

What is the correct way to ensure that arguments have the same type?

Edit: What about bounded type parameters? The best I can think of is this:

private static <T, U extends T> void method(T arg1, U arg2) {
    System.out.println(arg1.getClass().getSimpleName());
    System.out.println(arg2.getClass().getSimpleName());
}

Unfortunately, java doesn't allow cyclic constraints. <T extends U, U extends T> doesn't compile. Is this a dead end?

解决方案

The reason that this compiles is because Java will infer the most specific supertype of the arguments passed in, in this case, Object Serializable & Comparable<? extends Serializable & Comparable<? extends Comparable<?>>>, after 1 is boxed to Integer and "1" is passed as a String.

Without generics:

private static void method(Number arg1, Number arg2) {

Even without generics, you can pass in an Integer and a Double.

Only if the type in question is final can you do this, without generics:

private static void method(String arg1, String arg2) {
    // Yes, they're both Strings, guaranteed.

There is one edge case with generics that I can think of to ensure that they are the exact type. If you have a final class, and you place an upper bound, then you can restrict it to that same class.

public <T extends MyFinalClass> void method(T arg1, T arg2) {
    // Yes, they're both MyFinalClasses
}

But then you could do the same thing without generics.

public void method(MyFinalClass arg1, MyFinalClass arg2) {
    // Yes, they're both MyFinalClasses
}

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