在R中使用ggplot时,如何去除绘图区域周围的边距? [英] When using ggplot in R, how do I remove margins surrounding the plot area?
问题描述
<$ p 我试图生成一些分形,并且在R中有一个关于ggplot的边界的问题。我使用下面的代码来生成分形。
b = 2,0.8,by = 0.005)
points = array(0,dim = c(length(step)^ 2,3))
t = 0
for(a in (n
)
n = n + 1
newx = a + x ^ 2-y ^ 2
newy = b + 2 * x * y
dist = newx ^ 2 + newy ^ 2
x = newx; y = newy
}
if(dist <4){
color = 24#black
} else {
color = n * floor(length(cl)/ max_iter)
}
t = t + 1
points [t,] = c(a,b,color)
}
$ b $ df = as.data.frame(points)
ggplot(data = df,aes(V1,V2,color = cl [V3]))+
geom_point()+
主题(panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.g rid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.margin =单位(c(0,0,0,0),cm),
axis.ticks = element_blank(),
axis.text.x = element_blank(),
axis.text.y = element_blank(),
axis.title.x = element_blank( ),
axis.title.y = element_blank(),
plot.background = element_rect(fill =transparent,color = NA),
plot.margin = unit(c(0 ,0,0,0),cm),
legend.position ='none')
last_plot()+ scale_colour_manual(values = sort(c(#00000000,彩虹(35)),递减= FALSE))
ggsave('mandelbrot.png');
print('Image Saved。')
我正在寻找想法来移除地块周围的边缘。我尝试了一大堆技巧,比如在'par',xaxes / yaxes,last_plot()+ labs(x = NULL,y = NULL)等设置参数,但似乎没有任何效果。 p>
有人有想法从剧情中消除这个棘手的边际吗?我还打算设置一个透明的背景,但我不得不削减边际 - 我想避免的一个步骤。
只从ggplot布局中选择绘图面板。它创建ggplot,将绘图面板中的元素设置为element_blank,并且不扩展x和y比例。然后创建ggplot grob,以便只能从布局中选择绘图面板。
轻微编辑:更新到ggplot2 2.2.0
<
$ step = seq(-2,0.8, ($)= $ 0.005)
points = array(0,dim = c(length(step)^ 2,3))
t = 0
for(a in step){$对于(b在步骤+0.6){
x = 0; y = 0; n = 0; dist = 0
而(nn = n + 1
newx = a + x ^ 2-y ^ 2
newy = b + 2 * x * y
dist = newx ^ 2 + newy ^ 2
x = newx; y = newy
}
if(dist <4){
color = 24#black
} else {
color = n * floor (长度(cl)/ max_iter)
}
t = t + 1
points [t,] = c(a,b,color)
}
}
df = as.data.frame(points)
#ggplot将图表面板中的元素设置为element_blank()
#并且不在秤上进行扩展
p = ggplot(data = df,aes(V1,V2,color = cl [V3]))+
geom_point()+
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0,0 ),limit = range(df $ V1))+
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0,0),limits = range(df $ V2))+
theme(panel.grid = element_blank() ,
panel.background = element_rect(fill =transparent,color = NA),
panel.border = element_blank())+
scale_colour_manual(values = sort(c(#00000000 ,rainbow(35)),递减= FALSE))
#获取ggplot grob
gt = ggplotGrob(p)
#仅选择绘图面板
#gt = gt [6,4]#使用索引符号; OR
gt = gtable :: gtable_filter(gt,panel)
#绘制
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(gt)
#设置打印方法
class(gt)= c(Panel,class(gt))
print.Panel< - function(x) {
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(x)
}
gt
ggsave('mandelbrot.png',gt)
I'm trying to generate some fractals and have a question regarding the margins with ggplot in R. I'm using the following code to generate the fractals.
library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
max_iter=25
cl=colours()
step=seq(-2,0.8,by=0.005)
points=array(0,dim=c(length(step)^2,3))
t=0
for(a in step) {
for(b in step+0.6) {
x=0;y=0;n=0;dist=0
while(n<max_iter & dist<4) {
n=n+1
newx=a+x^2-y^2
newy=b+2*x*y
dist=newx^2+newy^2
x=newx;y=newy
}
if(dist<4) {
color=24 # black
} else {
color=n*floor(length(cl)/max_iter)
}
t=t+1
points[t,]=c(a,b,color)
}
}
df=as.data.frame(points)
ggplot(data=df, aes(V1, V2, color=cl[V3]))+
geom_point() +
theme(panel.background=element_blank(),
panel.grid.major=element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor=element_blank(),
panel.margin = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 0), "cm"),
axis.ticks=element_blank(),
axis.text.x=element_blank(),
axis.text.y=element_blank(),
axis.title.x=element_blank(),
axis.title.y=element_blank(),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
plot.margin = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 0), "cm"),
legend.position = 'none')
last_plot() + scale_colour_manual(values=sort(c("#00000000", rainbow(35)), decreasing=FALSE))
ggsave('mandelbrot.png');
print('Image Saved.')
I'm looking for ideas to remove the margins surrounding the plot area. I've tried a whole bunch of tricks, such as setting parameters in the 'par', xaxes / yaxes, last_plot() + labs(x=NULL, y=NULL), etc., but nothing seems to work.
Does anybody have an idea to remove this intractable margin from the plot? I also contemplated setting a transparent background, but I'd have to cut out the margins - a step I'd like to avoid.
An approach that selects just the plot panel from the ggplot layout. It creates the ggplot, setting elements within the plot panel to element_blank, and no expansion of the x and y scales. It then creates the ggplot grob so that the plot panel only can be selected from the layout.
Minor edit: Updating to ggplot2 2.2.0
library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
max_iter=25
cl=colours()
step=seq(-2,0.8,by=0.005)
points=array(0,dim=c(length(step)^2,3))
t=0
for(a in step) {
for(b in step+0.6) {
x=0;y=0;n=0;dist=0
while(n<max_iter & dist<4) {
n=n+1
newx=a+x^2-y^2
newy=b+2*x*y
dist=newx^2+newy^2
x=newx;y=newy
}
if(dist<4) {
color=24 # black
} else {
color=n*floor(length(cl)/max_iter)
}
t=t+1
points[t,]=c(a,b,color)
}
}
df=as.data.frame(points)
# ggplot with elements in the plot panel set to element_blank()
# and no expansion on the scales
p = ggplot(data=df, aes(V1, V2, color=cl[V3]))+
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0,0), limits=range(df$V1)) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0,0), limits=range(df$V2))+
theme(panel.grid=element_blank(),
panel.background=element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
panel.border=element_blank()) +
scale_colour_manual(values=sort(c("#00000000", rainbow(35)), decreasing=FALSE))
# Get the ggplot grob
gt = ggplotGrob(p)
# Select plot panel only
# gt = gt[6,4] # Using index notation; OR
gt = gtable::gtable_filter(gt, "panel")
# Draw it
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(gt)
# Set up a print method
class(gt) = c("Panel", class(gt))
print.Panel <- function(x) {
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(x)
}
gt
ggsave('mandelbrot.png', gt)
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