什么是“at”？ @符号/符号/字符在Git中意味着什么？ [英] What does the "at" @ sign/symbol/character mean in Git?

问题描述

@ 通常用于git中以不同的
方式指定修订版本。例如，

1. < ref> @ {< date>}

   

> git diff master @ {yesterday} master 。




2. < ref> @ {< n>例如： git diff 特定于前一个状态的参考。

   master @ {1} master 。




3. @ { - < n>}




   示例：指定前一个检出分支。 > git checkout @ { - 5} 。




4. < ref> code>指定引用的上游分支。

   
   
   

   示例： git diff master {{upstream} master




然而， @ 在git命令中也以其他方式使用，比如



  git rebase -i @〜4 
 git log @ ^^ .. @ 
  

在这些例子中，符号 @ 意味着什么？

解决方案

自Git 1.8.5版开始，符号 @ ，没有前导分支/引用名称和序号 {n} 后缀类似于 HEAD @ {1} 和 master @ {1} ，只是特殊Git引用的同义词/别名/快捷方式 HEAD ：

现在不用键入四个大写字母HEAD，您可以说@，例如git log @。

所以对于这些命令

  git rebase -i @〜4 
 git log @ ^^ .. @ 
  

你可以简单地用 HEAD 替换第一个 出现的 @ 或 head ，如果使用Windows或OS X的话）



  git rebase -i HEAD〜4 
 git log HEAD ^^ .. HEAD 
  

那么 HEAD 是什么意思？正如官方Linux Kernel Git文档中所述，用于指定Git修订版， HEAD 是一个特殊的快捷方式参考，您目前已将其作为工作副本签出（或者以Git方式，即工作树） ：
$ b

HEAD命名您在工作树中基于更改的提交。

您还可以阅读这些其他堆栈溢出问题，以了解特殊引用 HEAD 的含义：

1. Git中的HEAD和ORIG_HEAD a>。


2. 什么是git HEAD，正好？。

VonC还找到了有关为什么选择 @ 的有趣信息作为头的快捷方式这个堆栈溢出答案（底部的最后一部分）。

The at-sign @ is often used in git to specify revisions in different ways. For example,

1. <ref>@{<date>} specifies the reference at its state on <date>.

   Example: git diff master@{yesterday} master.

2. <ref>@{<n>} specific the reference at its n^th prior state.

   Example: git diff master@{1} master.

3. @{-<n>} specifies the n^th previously checked-out branch before the current one.

   Example: git checkout @{-5}.

4. <ref>@{upstream} specifies the upstream branch for the reference.

   Example: git diff master@{upstream} master.

However, the @ is being used in other ways in git commands too, like

git rebase -i @~4
git log @^^..@

What does the at-sign @ mean in those examples?

解决方案

As of Git version 1.8.5, the at-sign @, without a leading branch/reference name and ordinal {n} suffix like HEAD@{1} and master@{1}, is just a synonym/alias/shortcut for the special Git reference HEAD:

Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, e.g. "git log @".

So for these commands

git rebase -i @~4
git log @^^..@

you can simply substitute the first occurrence of @ with HEAD (or head if using Windows or OS X)

git rebase -i HEAD~4
git log HEAD^^..HEAD

So what does HEAD mean? As explained by the official Linux Kernel Git documentation for specifying Git revisions, HEAD is a special shortcut reference for the commit that you currently have checked-out as your working copy (or in Git terms, your "working tree"):

HEAD names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree.

You can also read these other Stack Overflow questions on what the special reference HEAD means:

1. HEAD and ORIG_HEAD in Git.
2. What is git HEAD, exactly?.

VonC also found interesting information about why @ was chosen as a shortcut for head in this Stack Overflow answer (the last section at the bottom).

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