让git忽略文件 [英] Make git ignore files

问题描述

我试图让git忽略我的一些文件，并且找到了一个关于如何执行此操作的描述。

From： http://github.com/guides/git-cheat-sheet
忽略一些文件

在根目录
中添加一个名为.gitignore的文件，并添加一些文件
：（注释以散列开头）
* .log db / schema.rb db / schema.sql

Git会自动忽略空的
目录。如果你想拥有一个
的日志/目录，但是想忽略所有的
文件，可以将下面的
行添加到根目录.gitignore :(行
开头'！'是例外）

log / *！.gitignore

然后在空格中添加一个空的.gitignore
空目录：

touch log / .gitignore

所以我在我的项目文件夹中创建了一个名为.gitignore的文件，并在其中写入以下内容：

  phpMyAdmin / * 
 nbproject / * 
 inc / mysql_config.php 
！.gitignore 
  

但是，当我提交时，文件isent被排除在提交...

解决方案

根据 man gitignore ：

描述

gitignore 文件指定故意未记录的文件t帽子混帐应该忽略。注意
所有 gitignore 文件确实只关注那些还没有被git跟踪的
的文件;为了忽略已跟踪文件中的未提交更改，
请参阅 git update-index --assume-unchanged 文档。

因此，如果你已经添加了它们，那就没有帮助。这主要是为了防止首先添加。这样，您可以忽略 .tmp 文件并添加一个完整的目录，而不用担心会添加 .tmp

我相信你可以通过以下方式将它们从索引中删除：

c> git rm --cached file_to_stop_tracking_but_dont_want_to_delete.txt

更新：

另外， .gitignore 需要位于基本目录或者至少位于这些目录的上方。另外，从目录中取出*：

  phpMyAdmin / 
 nbproject / 
 inc / mysql_config.php 
！.gitignore 
  

请注意 phpMyAdmin / vs / phpMyAdmin vs phpMyAdmin 。同样来自 gitignore ：

• 如果模式以斜线结尾，则为了描述后面的
  而将其删除，但它只会找到一个与目录匹配。
  换句话说， foo / 会匹配一个目录 foo 和
  it下的路径，但不会匹配常规文件或符号链接 foo （这是
  与pathspec在git中的一般工作方式一致）。




• 如果该模式不包含斜线 / ，git会将其视为shell
  glob模式并检查在没有前导目录的情况下匹配路径名。

http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fnmatch.html =noreferrer> fnmatch（3） 与 FNM_PATHNAME 标志：模式
中的通配符与路径名中的 / 不匹配。例如， Documentation / *。html
匹配 Documentation / git.html 但不是文档/ PPC / ppc.html 。
前导斜杠与路径名的开头相匹配;例如， / *。c
匹配 cat-file.c 但不是 mozilla-sha1 / sha1.c 。

I'm trying to make git ignore some of my files and I found one description about how you could do this

From: http://github.com/guides/git-cheat-sheet TO IGNORE SOME FILES

Add a file in the root directory called .gitignore and add some files to it: (comments begin with hash) *.log db/schema.rb db/schema.sql

Git automatically ignores empty directories. If you want to have a log/ directory, but want to ignore all the files in it, add the following lines to the root .gitignore: (lines beginning with ‘!’ are exceptions)

log/* !.gitignore

Then add an empty .gitignore in the empty directory:

touch log/.gitignore

So I made a file called .gitignore in my folder for my project and wrote the following in it:

phpMyAdmin/*
nbproject/*
inc/mysql_config.php
!.gitignore

But when I commit, the files isent excluded from the commit...

解决方案

According to man gitignore:

DESCRIPTION

A gitignore file specifies intentionally untracked files that git should ignore. Note that all the gitignore files really concern only files that are not already tracked by git; in order to ignore uncommitted changes in already tracked files, please refer to the git update-index --assume-unchanged documentation.

So it doesn't help if you've already added them. It's mostly for preventing the addition in the first place. That way, you can ignore .tmp files and add a whole directory without worrying that you'll add the .tmp files.

I believe you can remove them from the index with:

git rm --cached file_to_stop_tracking_but_dont_want_to_delete.txt

Update:

Also, the .gitignore needs to be at the base directory or at least above where those directories are. Also, take the "*" out of the directories:

phpMyAdmin/
nbproject/
inc/mysql_config.php
!.gitignore

And be careful of phpMyAdmin/ vs /phpMyAdmin vs phpMyAdmin. Also from man gitignore:

• If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the purpose of the following description, but it would only find a match with a directory. In other words, foo/ will match a directory foo and paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file or a symbolic link foo (this is consistent with the way how pathspec works in general in git).

• If the pattern does not contain a slash /, git treats it as a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the pathname without leading directories.

• Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag: wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname. For example, Documentation/*.html matches Documentation/git.html but not Documentation/ppc/ppc.html. A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname; for example, /*.c matches cat-file.c but not mozilla-sha1/sha1.c.

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