如何在git中列出目录树的更改历史记录 [英] How to list the change history of the directory tree in git

问题描述

Git不会像这样跟踪目录。它只跟踪生活在某个目录中的文件。
（请参阅如何添加一个空的目录到Git仓库？）

然而，如果我有一定的提交历史，我隐含地也有对目录树进行更改的历史记录。 / p>

那么我该如何回答以下问题：

1. when foo / bar创建（在git术语中：何时是该目录中创建的第一个文件）。如果foo / bar在历史的某个时间被删除并重新创建，可能会有多个限定提交。


2. 何时删除了目录foo / bar（在git术语中：何时从该目录中删除最后一个文件）。如上所述，可能有多个合格提交。


3. 历史上任何时间点存在的foo / bar的子目录是什么

我能想到的最接近的是伪代码：

 循环结束所有提交（git rev-list --all）
从repo根目录开始
递归执行到目前为止重建的目录树
调用git ls-tree和grep树行
重建目录树的下一级别
 end 
 end 
  

显然这可能是用你最喜欢的脚本语言编写。

然后我拥有所有的目录树，我仍然需要以一种聪明的方式搜索它们，以便回答类型1 - 3的问题。再次，可行但可能而不是在几分钟之内。

问题是：

1. 有没有简单的方法？
>

2. 如果不是：是否适合网上已有的脚本？ （我的谷歌搜索没有透露任何信息，但我没有找到完美的搜索词）
>

对于问题1和问题2，这很简单：







• 何时创建目录foo / bar？
  
  git log --oneline - foo / bar | tail -n 1




• 何时删除目录foo / bar？
  
  git log --oneline - foo / bar | head -n 1







然而，第三部分有点棘手，



上面的两个命令给你 $ FIRST_REV （已创建）和



下面的代码片段提供了所有提交树的地方：

 用于转换$（git rev-list FIRST_REV..LAST_REV）
 do 
 git ls-tree -r -t $ rev | grep树| cut -f 2 
 done 
  

然后，你有一个目录列表。但仍有重复。将该列表传递给 sort -u 并完成：



 ＃！/ bin / sh 
 for $（git rev-list FIRST_REV..LAST_REV）
 do 
 git ls-tree -r -t $ r | grep树| cut -f 2 
完成| sort -u 
  

但是，您将丢失这些目录受到影响的提交信息。这是缺点。





并且，这假定 foo / bar 只创建一次，不再存在。


Git does not track directories as such. It only tracks files that live in some directory. (See How can I add an empty directory to a Git repository?)

However, if I have certain history of commits I implicitly also have history of changes to the directory tree.

So how do I answer questions like:

1. when was directory foo/bar created (in git terminology: when was the first file created in that directory). There could be more than one qualifying commit if foo/bar has been deleted some time in history and recreated later.
2. when was directory foo/bar removed (in git terminology: when was the last file removed from that directory). As above there could be more than one qualifying commit.
3. what are the subdirectories of foo/bar that existed in any point of time in history

The closest I could come up with is in pseudo code:

loop over all commits (git rev-list --all)
  start from repo root directory
  do recursively on the directory tree rebuilt so far
    call git ls-tree and grep the tree lines
    rebuild next level of directory tree
  end
end

Obviously this could be written in your favorite scripting language.

Then I have all directory trees and I still need to search them in a smart way in order to be to answer questions of type 1 - 3. Again, doable but probably not in a couple of minutes.

The questions are:

1. Is there an easier way?
2. If not: are suitable the scripts already on the net? (my googling didn't reveal any, but I did not come up the perfect search words either)

解决方案

For questions 1 and 2, it's quite easy:

• when was directory foo/bar created?
  git log --oneline -- foo/bar | tail -n 1

• when was directory foo/bar deleted?
  git log --oneline -- foo/bar | head -n 1

However, the third part is a bit tricky and I cannot answer it completely.

The two commands above give you $FIRST_REV (created) and $LAST_REV (deleted).

The following snippet gives you all commits where the tree was modified:

for rev in $(git rev-list FIRST_REV..LAST_REV)
do
  git ls-tree -r -t $rev | grep tree | cut -f 2
done

Then, you have a list of directories that were present. But there are still duplicates. Pass that list to a sort -u and you're done:

#!/bin/sh
for r in $(git rev-list FIRST_REV..LAST_REV) 
do 
    git ls-tree -r -t $r | grep tree | cut -f 2
done | sort -u

However, you lose the information of the commits where these directories were affected. That's the drawback.

And, this assumes that foo/bar was created only once and is no longer present.

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