通过gmail& amp;蟒蛇 [英] Sending email via gmail & python

问题描述

使用gmail和python发送电子邮件的建议方式是什么？

有很多SO线程，但大多数都是旧的，并且还带有用户名和密码的smtp。密码不再工作或者用户必须降级其Gmail的安全性（例如，请参阅
（向导链接此处，更多信息此处）

第2步：安装Google客户端库

  pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client 
  

第3步：使用以下脚本发送电子邮件（只需更改主函数中的变量）

  import httplib2 
 import os 
从oauth2client导入oauth2client 
导入客户端，工具
从email.mime.multipart导入base64 
导入MIMEMultipart 
来自email.mime.t ext import MIMEText 
 from apiclient import errors，discovery 
 import mimetypes $ b $ from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 
 from email.mime.audio import email MIMEAudio 
 from email。 mime.base import MIMEBase 
 
 SCOPES ='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
 CLIENT_SECRET_FILE ='client_secret.json'
 APPLICATION_NAME =' Gmail API Python发送电子邮件'
 
 def get_credentials（）：
 home_dir = os.path.expanduser（'〜'）
 credential_dir = os.path.join（home_dir，'如果不是os.path.exists（credential_dir）：
 os.makedirs（credential_dir）
 credential_path = os.path.join（credential_dir，
'gmail- python-email-send.json'）
 store = oauth2client.file.Storage（credential_path）
 credentials = store.get（）
如果没有凭证或credentials.invalid：
 flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets（CLIENT_SECRET_FILE，SCOPES）
 flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME 
 credentials = tools.run_flow（流，存储）
 print（'将凭据存储到'+ credential_path）
返回凭证
 $ b $ def SendMessage发件人到，主题，msgHtml，msgPlain，attachmentFile =无）：
 credentials = get_credentials（）
 http = credentials.authorize（httplib2.Http（））
 service = discovery.build 'gmail'，'v1'，http = http）
如果attachmentFile：
 message1 = createMessageWithAttachment（sender，to，subject，msgHtml，msgPlain，attachmentFile）
 else：
 message1 = CreateMessageHtml（sender，to，subject，msgHtml，msgPlain）
 result = SendMessageInternal（service，me，message1）
返回结果
 $ b $ def SendMessageInternal（service，user_id，消息）：
 try：
 message =（service.users（）。messages（）。send（userId = user_id，body = message）.execute（））
 print（'Message Id ：％s'％message ['id']） 
返回消息
，不包括errors.HttpError作为错误：
 print（'发生错误：％s'％错误）
返回错误
返回OK 
 $ b $ def CreateMessageHtml（sender，to，subject，msgHtml，msgPlain）：
 msg = MIMEMultipart（'alternative'）
 msg ['Subject'] = subject 
 msg ['From'] =发送者
 msg ['To'] =到
 msg.attach（MIMEText（msgPlain，'plain'））
 msg.attach（msgHtml，' html'））
 return {'raw'：base64.urlsafe_b64encode（msg.as_string（））} 
 
 def createMessageWithAttachment（
 sender，to，subject，msgHtml，msgPlain， attachmentFile）：
为电子邮件创建一条消息。 
 
参数：
发件人：发件人的电子邮件地址。 
到：接收者的电子邮件地址。 
主题：电子邮件的主题。 
 msgHtml：要发送的Html消息
 msgPlain：旧电子邮件客户端的替代纯文本消息
 attachmentFile：要附加的文件的路径。 
 
返回：
一个包含base64url编码电子邮件对象的对象。 

 message = MIMEMultipart（'mixed'）
 message ['to'] = to 
 message ['from'] = sender 
 message [''主题'] =主题
 
 messageA = MIMEMultipart（'alternative'）
 messageR = MIMEMultipart（'related'）
 
 messageR.attach（msgHtml，' html'））
 messageA.attach（MIMEText（msgPlain，'plain'））
 messageA.attach（messageR）
 
 message.attach（messageA）
 
 print（create_message_with_attachment：file：％s％attachmentFile）
 content_type，encoding = mimetypes.guess_type（attachmentFile）
 
如果content_type是None或编码不是None：
 content_type ='application / octet-stream'
 main_type，sub_type = content_type.split（'/'，1）
 if main_type =='text'：
 fp = open（attachmentFile ，'rb'）
 msg = MIMEText（fp.read（），_subtype = sub_type）
 fp.close（）
 elif main_t ype =='image'：
 fp = open（attachmentFile，'rb'）
 msg = MIMEImage（fp.read（），_subtype = sub_type）
 fp.close（）
 elif main_type =='audio'：
 fp = open（attachmentFile，'rb'）
 msg = MIMEAudio（fp.read（），_subtype = sub_type）
 fp.close ）
 else：
 fp = open（attachmentFile，'rb'）
 msg = MIMEBase（main_type，sub_type）
 msg.set_payload（fp.read（））
 fp.close（）
 filename = os.path.basename（attachmentFile）
 msg.add_header（'Content-Disposition'，'attachment'，filename = filename）
 message.attach（ msg）
 $ b $返回{'raw'：base64.urlsafe_b64encode（message.as_string（））} 
 
 
 def main（）：
 to = [e-mail]
 sender =[e-mail]
 subject =subject
 msgHtml =嗨< br /> Html电子邮件
 msgPlain =Hi\\\
Plain Email
 SendMessage（发件人，至，s ubject，msgHtml，msgPlain）
＃发送附件消息：
 SendMessage（发件人，至，主题，msgHtml，msgPlain，'/path/to/file.pdf'）
 
 if __name__ =='__main__'：
 main（）
  

提示在Linux上运行这个代码，不带浏览器：

如果你的linux环境没有浏览器来完成首次授权过程，你可以在你的笔记本电脑上运行一次代码（mac或windows ），然后将凭据复制到目标linux机器。凭证通常存储在以下目的地：

 〜/ .credentials / gmail-python-email-send.json 
  

What is the recommended way of sending emails with gmail and python?

There are a lot of SO threads, but most are old and also smtp with username & password is not working any more or the user has to downgrade the security of their gmail (for example see here).

Is OAuth the recommended way?

解决方案

The answer shows how to send email with gmail API and python. Also updated the answer to send emails with attachment.

Gmail API & OAuth -> no need to save the username and password in the script.

The first time the script opens a browser to authorize the script and will store credentials locally (it will not store username and password). Consequent runs won't need the browser and can send emails straight.

With this method you will not get errors like SMTPException below and there is no need to allow Access for less secure apps:

raise SMTPException("SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.")  
smtplib.SMTPException: SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.

Here are the steps to send email using gmail API:

(Wizard link here, More info here)

Step 2: Install the Google Client Library

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client

Step 3: Use the following script to send email(just change the variables in main function)

import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools
import base64
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from apiclient import errors, discovery
import mimetypes
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'

def get_credentials():
    home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
    credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
    if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
        os.makedirs(credential_dir)
    credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,
                                   'gmail-python-email-send.json')
    store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
    credentials = store.get()
    if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
        flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
        credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
        print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
    return credentials

def SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile=None):
    credentials = get_credentials()
    http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
    service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
    if attachmentFile:
        message1 = createMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile)
    else: 
        message1 = CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
    result = SendMessageInternal(service, "me", message1)
    return result

def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message):
    try:
        message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())
        print('Message Id: %s' % message['id'])
        return message
    except errors.HttpError as error:
        print('An error occurred: %s' % error)
        return "Error"
    return "OK"

def CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):
    msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = to
    msg.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
    msg.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
    return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_string())}

def createMessageWithAttachment(
    sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile):
    """Create a message for an email.

    Args:
      sender: Email address of the sender.
      to: Email address of the receiver.
      subject: The subject of the email message.
      msgHtml: Html message to be sent
      msgPlain: Alternative plain text message for older email clients          
      attachmentFile: The path to the file to be attached.

    Returns:
      An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
    """
    message = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
    message['to'] = to
    message['from'] = sender
    message['subject'] = subject

    messageA = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    messageR = MIMEMultipart('related')

    messageR.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
    messageA.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
    messageA.attach(messageR)

    message.attach(messageA)

    print("create_message_with_attachment: file: %s" % attachmentFile)
    content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile)

    if content_type is None or encoding is not None:
        content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
    main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1)
    if main_type == 'text':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    elif main_type == 'image':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    elif main_type == 'audio':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    else:
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
        msg.set_payload(fp.read())
        fp.close()
    filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile)
    msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
    message.attach(msg)

    return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}


def main():
    to = "[e-mail]"
    sender = "[e-mail]"
    subject = "subject"
    msgHtml = "Hi<br/>Html Email"
    msgPlain = "Hi\nPlain Email"
    SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
    # Send message with attachment: 
    SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, '/path/to/file.pdf')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Tip for running this code on linux, with no browser:
If your linux environment has no browser to complete the first time authorization process, you can run the code once on your laptop (mac or windows) and then copy the credentials to the destination linux machine. Credentials are normally stored in the following destination:

~/.credentials/gmail-python-email-send.json

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