在Prolog中查找图中两个节点之间的最短路径 [英] Find the shortest path between two nodes in a graph in Prolog

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问题描述

我想找到Prolog中两个节点之间的最短路径。
我想如何找到两个节点之间的所有路径,但不幸的是,下面的代码会进入循环:

  arc (A,b)。 
arc(b,a)。
arc(b,c)。
arc(c,b)。
arc(c,d)。
arc(d,c)。

path(X,Y,[arc(X,Y)]): -
arc(X,Y)。
path(X,Y,[arc(X,Z)| P]): -
arc(X,Z),
path(Z,Y,P)。

代码运行:

 ? -  path(a,c,R)。 
R = [arc(a,b),arc(b,c)];
R = [arc(a,b),arc(b,a),arc(a,b),arc(b,c)];
R = [arc(a,b),arc(b,a),arc(a,b),arc(b,a),arc(a,b),arc(b,c)]
....

所以,我的问题是:如何获得所有路径无限循环?

在一天结束时,我会得到列表的长度并找到最小值。



请尽可能提供ISO Prolog解决方案。注意:这里是更新的代码,我仍然有问题。显然,当检查一个事实而不是一个原子时,成员谓词不起作用。

pre $ xxx([])。

path(X,Y,[arc(X,Y)]): -
arc(X,Y)。
path(X,Y,[arc(X,Z)| P]): -
arc(X,Z)
,xxx(L)
,member (X,Z),L) - >

(arc(Z,X),L) - >
!;
(append(L,[arc(X,Z)],R),retract(xxx( _)),断言(XXX(R)),路径(Z,Y,P)))。

和我的成员谓词是:

 构件(X,[X | T])。 
成员(X,[H | T]): - 成员(X,T)。

谢谢。

解决方案

我们使用 meta-谓词 路径/ 4 结合您给出的 arc / 2 的定义:

 ? - 路径(圆弧,路径,从,到)。 
From = To,Path = [To]
; From = a,To = b,Path = [a,b]
; From = a,To = c,Path = [a,b,c]
; From = a,To = d,Path = [a,b,c,d]
; From = b,To = a,Path = [b,a]
; From = b,To = c,Path = [b,c]
; From = b,To = d,Path = [b,c,d]
; From = c,To = b,Path = [c,b]
; From = c,To = a,Path = [c,b,a]
; From = c,To = d,Path = [c,d]
; From = d,To = c,Path = [d,c]
; From = d,To = b,Path = [d,c,b]
; From = d,To = a,Path = [d,c,b,a]
;假。

path / 4 的定义排除了所有周期。



要得到最短的路径,我们需要查看所有解决方案!


$ b

为了说明这一点,我们来扩展你对 arc / 2 的定义:

  arc(a,b)。 
arc(b,a)。
arc(b,c)。
arc(a,c)。 %(新)
arc(b,d)。 %(新)
arc(c,b)。
arc(c,d)。
arc(d,c)。

假设我们要从 a d ,所以我们查询:

 ? - 路径(弧,路径,a,d)。 
Path = [a,b,c,d]
;路径= [a,b,d]%最短路径#1
;路径= [a,c,b,d]
;路径= [a,c,d]%最短路径#2
;假。

在上面的查询中, 有两个不同的最短路径 c> a to d



为了获得两者,我们必须全部考虑路径---或者使用更智能的元谓语(留作家庭作业)。


I want to find the shortest path between two nodes in Prolog. I figured how to find all the paths between two nodes, but unfortunately the following code falls into loops:

arc(a,b).
arc(b,a).
arc(b,c).
arc(c,b).
arc(c,d).
arc(d,c).

path(X,Y,[arc(X,Y)]) :-
   arc(X,Y).
path(X,Y,[arc(X,Z)|P]) :-
   arc(X,Z),
   path(Z,Y,P).

The code run is:

?- path(a,c,R).
R = [arc(a, b), arc(b, c)] ;
R = [arc(a, b), arc(b, a), arc(a, b), arc(b, c)] ;
R = [arc(a, b), arc(b, a), arc(a, b), arc(b, a), arc(a, b), arc(b, c)] 
....

So, my question is : How to get all paths without looping infinitely?

at the end of the day, i will get the length of the list and find the minimum.

Please if possible, give solutions that are ISO Prolog.

Note: here is the updated code, by I still have problem. Apparently the member predicate doesn't work when checking against a fact rather than an atom.

xxx([]).

path(X,Y,[arc(X,Y)]) :-
   arc(X,Y).
path(X,Y,[arc(X,Z)|P]) :- 
        arc(X,Z)
        ,xxx(L)
        ,member(arc(X,Z),L)->
            !;
            (member(arc(Z,X),L)->
                !;
                (append(L,[arc(X,Z)],R),retract(xxx(_)),assert(xxx(R)),path(Z,Y,P))).

and my member predicate is:

member(X,[X|T]).
member(X,[H|T])  :-  member(X,T). 

Thank you.

解决方案

We use path/4 in combination with the definition of arc/2 that you gave:

?- path(arc,Path,From,To).
  From = To        , Path = [To] 
; From = a,  To = b, Path = [a,b]
; From = a,  To = c, Path = [a,b,c]
; From = a,  To = d, Path = [a,b,c,d]
; From = b,  To = a, Path = [b,a]
; From = b,  To = c, Path = [b,c]
; From = b,  To = d, Path = [b,c,d]
; From = c,  To = b, Path = [c,b]
; From = c,  To = a, Path = [c,b,a]
; From = c,  To = d, Path = [c,d]
; From = d,  To = c, Path = [d,c]
; From = d,  To = b, Path = [d,c,b]
; From = d,  To = a, Path = [d,c,b,a]
; false.

The definition of path/4 excludes all cycles.

To get the shortest paths we need to look at all solutions!

To show this is actually so, let's expand your definition of arc/2 like this:

arc(a,b).
arc(b,a).
arc(b,c).
arc(a,c).               % (new)
arc(b,d).               % (new)
arc(c,b).
arc(c,d).
arc(d,c).

Let's say we want to "get all shortest paths from a to d", so we query:

?- path(arc,Path,a,d).
  Path = [a,b,c,d]
; Path = [a,b,d]        % shortest path #1
; Path = [a,c,b,d]
; Path = [a,c,d]        % shortest path #2
; false.

In above query there are two distinct shortest paths from a to d.

To get both, we must look at all paths---or use a smarter (left as homework).

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