(++)Haskell foldl'表现不佳 [英] Haskell foldl' poor performance with (++)

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问题描述

我有这样的代码:

  import Data.List 

newList_bad lst = foldl'( \acc x - > acc ++ [x * 2])[] lst
newList_good lst = foldl'(\acc x - > x * 2:acc)[] lst

这些函数返回每个元素乘以2的列表:

  *主> newList_bad [1..10] 
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
* Main> newList_good [1..10]
[20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6,4,2]

在ghci中:

  * Main> sum $ newList_bad [1..15000] 
225015000
(5.24秒,4767099960字节)
* Main> sum $ newList_good [1..15000]
225015000
(0.03秒,3190716字节)

为什么 newList_bad 函数的工作速度比 newList_good 慢200倍?我明白这不是一个好的解决方案。但为什么这个无辜的代码工作如此缓慢?



这是什么4767099960字节?对于那个简单的操作,Haskell使用了4个GiB?



编译后:

  C:\ 1> ghc -O  - 生成test.hs 
C:\ 1> test.exe
225015000
总计时间(newList_bad [1..15000 ])为4.445889s
225015000
总计时间(newList_good [1..15000])为0.0025005s


解决方案

经典列表行为。

回想一下:
$ b $ (1)复杂性
(++) - O(n)复杂性
/ pre>

所以你要创建一个O(n ^ 2)算法,而不是O(n)。\\ b
$ b

对于增量追加到列表的这种常见情况,请尝试使用 dlist ,或者在最后反转。


I have this code:

import Data.List

newList_bad  lst = foldl' (\acc x -> acc ++ [x*2]) [] lst
newList_good lst = foldl' (\acc x -> x*2 : acc) [] lst

These functions return lists with each element multiplied by 2:

*Main> newList_bad [1..10]
[2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20]
*Main> newList_good [1..10]
[20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6,4,2]

In ghci:

*Main> sum $ newList_bad [1..15000]
225015000
(5.24 secs, 4767099960 bytes)
*Main> sum $ newList_good [1..15000]
225015000
(0.03 secs, 3190716 bytes)

Why newList_bad function works 200 times slower than newList_good? I understand that it's not a good solution for that task. But why this innocent code works so slow?

What is this "4767099960 bytes"?? For that simple an operation Haskell used 4 GiB??

After compilation:

C:\1>ghc -O --make test.hs
C:\1>test.exe
225015000
Time for sum (newList_bad [1..15000]) is 4.445889s
225015000
Time for sum (newList_good [1..15000]) is 0.0025005s

解决方案

Classic list behavior.

Recall:

(:)  -- O(1) complexity
(++) -- O(n) complexity

So you are creating an O(n^2) algo, instead of an O(n) one.

For this common case of appending to lists incrementally, try using a dlist, or just reverse at the end.

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