理解HList的这个定义 [英] Understanding this definition of HList
问题描述
我对Haskell比较新,我试图理解 HList 。
数据实例HList'[] = HNil
pre>
newtype实例HList(x':xs)= HCons1(x,HList xs)
模式HCons x xs = HCons1(x,xs)
我有几个具体问题:
- 使用
什么是我看到了
'[]
和(x':xs)
语法?它几乎看起来像是在可变参数类型参数上的模式匹配,但是我从未见过这种语法,也不熟悉Haskell中的可变参数类型参数。我想这是 GHC的家庭类型的一部分,但我没有看到任何关于这个在链接的页面上,并且在Google中搜索语法相当困难。newtype $除了避免装箱
HCons1
之外,c $ c>具有元组的声明(而不是data
两个字段的声明) 首先,您缺少部分定义:data family
声明本身。数据族HList(l :: [*] )
数据实例HList'[] = HNil
newtype实例HList(x':xs)= HCons1(x,HList xs)
这被称为
数据族
(可在TypeF下找到) $ b
模式HCons x xs = HCons1(x,xs)
这是一个双向模式(可在
PatternSynonyms
扩展名下使用) 。
什么是
'[]
和( x':xs)语法
当您看到
'
标记在构造函数前面,它表示它们的提升类型级别对应方。作为一种语法便利,提升的列表和元组也只需要额外的记号(我们仍然可以为空的类型级别列表写'[] >并且 ':
为类型级缺点,所有这些都可以通过DataKinds
扩展名获得。
除了避免使用元组(而不是带有两个字段的数据声明)使用
newtype
声明有任何意义拳击HCons1
?
是的,要确保
HList
具有代表性的角色 ,这意味着你可以在> HList
s 1 之间强制执行。这只是一个太复杂的问题,不能解释一个答案,但这里是事情当我们有
数据实例HList(x':xs)= HCons x(HList xs )
而不是
newtype实例
(和没有模式)。考虑下面的newtype
s,它们代表性地等同于Int
,Bool
和()
分别newtype MyInt = MyInt Int
newtype MyBool = MyBool Bool
newtype MyUnit = MyUnit()
回想一下,我们可以使用
coerce
自动换行或打开这些类型。我们希望能够做同样的事情,但是对于整个HList
:ghci的> l =(HCons 3(HCons True(HCons()HNil))):: HList'[Int,Bool,()]
ghci> l'= coerce l :: HList'[MyInt,MyBool,MyUnit]
code> newtype instance variant,但不是
数据实例
,因为角色。 (更多关于此处。)
1 从技术上讲,
数据族没有作用$ c $作为一个整体:每个
实例的角色可以是不同的
/newtype
- 这里我们只需要HCons
情况为代表性,因为这是被强制执行的情况。 查看此Trac票券。I'm relatively new to Haskell, and I'm trying to understand one of the definitions of HList.
data instance HList '[] = HNil newtype instance HList (x ': xs) = HCons1 (x, HList xs) pattern HCons x xs = HCons1 (x, xs)
I have a couple specific questions:
What is the
'[]
and(x ': xs)
syntax I'm seeing? It almost looks like it's pattern matching on variadic type parameters, but I have never seen this syntax before, nor am I familiar with variadic type parameters in Haskell. I would guess this is part of GHC's Type Families, but I don't see anything about this on the linked page, and it's rather hard to search syntax in Google.Is there any point in using a
newtype
declaration with a tuple (instead of adata
declaration with two fields) besides avoiding boxing ofHCons1
?
First, you are missing part of the definition: the data family
declaration itself.
data family HList (l :: [*])
data instance HList '[] = HNil
newtype instance HList (x ': xs) = HCons1 (x, HList xs)
This is called a data family
(available under the TypeFamilies
extension).
pattern HCons x xs = HCons1 (x, xs)
This is a bidirectional pattern (available under the PatternSynonyms
extension).
What is the
'[]
and(x ': xs)
syntax I'm seeing?
When you see '
marks in front of constructors, it is to denote their promoted type-level counterparts. As a syntactic convenience, promoted lists and tuples also just need the extra tick (and we still get to write '[]
for the empty type-level list and ':
for the type level cons. All of this is available through the DataKinds
extension.
Is there any point in using a
newtype
declaration with a tuple (instead of a data declaration with two fields) besides avoiding boxing ofHCons1
?
Yes, it is to make sure that HList
has a representational role, which means you can coerce between HList
s1. This is a bit too involved to explain in just an answer, but here is an example of where things don't go as we want when we have
data instance HList (x ': xs) = HCons x (HList xs)
instead of the newtype instance
(and no pattern). Consider the following newtype
s which are representationally equivalent to Int
, Bool
, and ()
respectively
newtype MyInt = MyInt Int
newtype MyBool = MyBool Bool
newtype MyUnit = MyUnit ()
Recall we can use coerce
to wrap or unwrap these types automatically. Well, we'd like to be able to do the same thing, but for a whole HList
:
ghci> l = (HCons 3 (HCons True (HCons () HNil))) :: HList '[Int, Bool, ()]
ghci> l' = coerce l :: HList '[MyInt, MyBool, MyUnit]
This works with the newtype instance
variant, but not the data instance
one because of the roles. (More on that here.)
1 technically, there is no role for a data family
as a whole: the roles can be different for each instance
/newtype
- here we only really need the HCons
case to be representational, since that's the one that gets coerced. Check out this Trac ticket.
这篇关于理解HList的这个定义的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!