使用HTTP流水线的缺点是什么？ [英] What are the disadvantage(s) of using HTTP pipelining?

问题描述

• Safari显然至少使用HTTP流水线技术来处理图像。
  
  
  

  总而言之，HTTP流水线的问题是：

  
  
  
  
  
  • 一些服务器& 大多数代理不支持它。 （可能是出于安全性/可靠性/或性能问题）
  
  
  • 某些服务器支持错误，这可能导致客户端错误。
  
  
  • 它不是必然是一场表演胜利。
  
  
  • 易受阻挡线的影响
  
  
  
  

  WWDC 2012 session 706 - Networking Best Practices explains HTTP Pipelining.

  • By default its disabled on iOS
  • In the talk its described it as a huge performance win.

  Why might you not want to use it?

  解决方案

  Implementation bugs

  For pipelining to work, responses must come back in the order they were requested. A naive server implementation might just send the response as soon as it has been calculated. If multiple requests are sent in parallel, and the first request one takes longer to process (e.g. processing a larger image), then the responses will be out of order.

  This is a problem for the client since HTTP is a stateless protocol, the client has no way to match the requests with the responses. It is reliant on the order the responses came back in.

  A server MUST send its responses to those requests in the same order that the requests were received.

  • Safari apparently used HTTP pipelining for images at least. This results in an issue where images would be swapped around.
  • AFNetworking used to use pipelining, but it was pulled after a reported issue.
  • All major browsers (other than Opera) have HTTP pipelining is disabled or not implemented.

  Performance issues

  Even if the server does properly support pipelining, performance issues can arise because all subsequent requests have to wait for the first one to be complete (Head of Line blocking).

  • This article, talks about performance loss in some circumstances and a potential of denial of service attack.

  • This article also suggest that pipelining isn't a massive win.

  • WWDC 2015 - Networking with NSURLSession explains head of line blocking really well. (The solution is to switch to HTTP 2 which support priorities)

  So in summary the issues with HTTP pipelining are:

  • Some servers & most proxies don't support it. (Perhaps due to security / reliability / or performance concerns)
  • Some servers support it incorrectly and this can lead to client bugs.
  • It is not necessarily a performance win.
  • Susceptible to head of line blocking

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