在python中的绘图中的自定义行之间放置图像 [英] Place an image between custom lines in a plot in python
问题描述
我想要的是使用指定的函数或线来创建图像的边框,然后在边框内放置自定义图像。
What I would like is to use specified functions or lines to create the border of the images, and then inside the borders place custom images.
我用之间填充作为一个例子,但也许有一种更简单的方法来实现这一目标。这就是我的想法:
I used fill between as an example, but maybe there is an easier way of achieving this. This is what I have in mind:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0,100,1000)
y = (3 + np.sin(x/5.)) * np.exp(-abs(x-50)/25.)*10
x2 = np.linspace(20,40,1000)
y2 = np.sqrt(100 - (x2 - 30)**2) + 40
y3 = -np.sqrt(100 - (x2 - 30)**2) + 40
plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot(1,1,1, aspect='equal')
plt.fill_between(x=x, y1=y, y2=0, alpha=0.5, color='orange', linewidth=3)
plt.fill_between(x=x2, y1=y2, y2=y3, alpha=0.5, color='green', linewidth=3)
ax1.axis('off')
该代码的输出是这张图片,我有:
the output of that code is this image, what I have:
我想要这样的东西,我想要的东西:
and I would like something like this, what I want:
请进来我想在ima周围有一个边框我可以自定义它,如果我有多个填充
,我可以选择放入不同曲线的内容。
并且如果它可以尊重图像的轴比例,那么当我将它放在图中时它的形状不会变形。
Please have in mind that I would like to have a border around the image that I can customize it, and if I have more than one fillbetween
, I can choose what to put inside the different curves.
And also if its possible to respect the axis ratio of the image so its shape doesn't get distorted when I place it in the plot.
推荐答案
有很多不同的方法可以获得剪裁成某种形状的图像。我个人喜欢在 AnnotationBbox
中使用 OffsetImage
。在下面的解决方案中, Patch
用作图像的 clip_path
。如果函数的输入是 Path
,则首先将其转换为补丁。
There are a lot of different ways to obtain an image clipped to some shape. I personally like to use of an OffsetImage
inside an AnnotationBbox
. In the solution below a Patch
is used as a clip_path
for the image. If the input to the function is a Path
, it is converted to a patch first.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
from matplotlib.offsetbox import OffsetImage, AnnotationBbox
plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot(1,1,1, aspect='equal')
ax1.axis('off')
def img_to_path( fn, path, zoom=0.72, ax = None, **kwargs):
if ax==None: ax=plt.gca()
kwargs.pop("facecolor", None)
im = plt.imread(fn, format='png')
if type(path) == Path:
xmin = path.vertices[:,0].min()
ymin = path.vertices[:,1].min()
patch = PathPatch(path, facecolor='none', zorder=3, **kwargs)
else:
patch = path
xmin = patch.get_verts()[:,0].min()
ymin = patch.get_verts()[:,1].min()
ax.add_patch(patch)
imagebox = OffsetImage(im, zoom=zoom, clip_path=patch, zorder=-10)
boxoffset = np.array(im.shape[:2][::-1])/2.*zoom
ab = AnnotationBbox(imagebox, (xmin,ymin), xycoords='data',
xybox=boxoffset, boxcoords="offset points",
pad=0, frameon=False)
ax.add_artist(ab)
# two images
fn1 = "data/raspberries.png"
fn2 = "data/blueberries.png"
# use a Path
x = np.linspace(0,100,1000)
y = (3 + np.sin(x/5.)) * np.exp(-abs(x-50)/25.)*10
x = np.append(x,[x[-1],x[0], x[0]])
y = np.append(y,[0,0,y[0]])
path = Path(np.c_[x,y], [1]+[2]*(len(x)-2)+[79])
img_to_path(fn1, path, edgecolor="red", lw=4, ax=ax1 )
# use a Patch
circ = plt.Circle((30,40), 10, edgecolor="gold", lw=13, zorder=3 )
img_to_path(fn2, circ, zoom=0.15, ax=ax1 )
ax1.relim()
ax1.autoscale_view()
plt.show()
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