如何使用unittest正确编写测试？ [英] How do I write tests correctly using unittest?

问题描述

我想弄清楚如何为我用Python编写的函数编写单元测试 - 这里是下面的代码：

I am trying to figure out how to write unit tests for functions that I have written in Python - here's the code written below:

def num_buses(n):
    import math
    """ (int) -> int

    Precondition: n >= 0

    Return the minimum number of buses required to transport n people.
    Each bus can hold 50 people.

    >>> num_buses(75)
    2
    """
    bus = int()
    if(n>=0):
        bus = int(math.ceil(n/50.0))
    return bus

我正在尝试编写测试代码，但是他们给了我失败的结果 - 这是我开始的代码：

I am attempting to write test code but they are giving me fail results - here's code I started with:

import a1
import unittest


class TestNumBuses(unittest.TestCase):
    """ Test class for function a1.num_buses. """
    def test_numbuses_1(self):
        actual = num_buses(75)
        expected = 2
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

    # Add your test methods for a1.num_buses here.


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(exit=False)

当我按F5运行模块时 - 这就是我得到的 -

When I run the module by pressing F5 - this is what I get -

E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_numbuses_1 (__main__.TestNumBuses)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\1-blog-cacher\TestNumBuses.py", line 8, in test_numbuses_1
    actual = num_buses(75)
NameError: global name 'num_buses' is not defined

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.050s

FAILED (errors=1)

所以我的测试失败了 - 虽然它应该通过，因为乘客的数量是75，每辆公共汽车最多可以容纳50人 - 除此之外的任何事情都会导致数字的四舍五入。

So my test Failed - although it should pass since the number of passengers are 75 and each bus can hold a maximum of 50 people - anything more than that will result in a rounding up of the figures.

有谁能看到我如何让测试用例工作以及我在哪里编写测试代码出错？

Can anyone see how I can get the test cases to work and where my writing the test code went wrong?

推荐答案

在您的unittest文件中，您必须 import num_buses 。

In your unittest file you have to import num_buses.

这可以解决您的问题，但如果您在 a1 中定义了 num_buses ，那么您必须执行 a1.num_buses 否则Python会认为 num_buses 是一个全局函数。

This fixes your immediate problem, but if you have defined num_buses in a1 then you have to do a1.num_buses otherwise Python will think that num_buses is a global function.

import a1
import unittest
import num_buses

class TestNumBuses(unittest.TestCase):
    """ Test class for function a1.num_buses. """
    def test_numbuses_1(self):
        actual = num_buses(75) #a1.num_buses(75) <-
        expected = 2
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

    # Add your test methods for a1.num_buses here.


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(exit=False)

检查出来： Cyber​​-Dojo测试 - 只需按简历，然后在 test_untitled.py 按下TEST按钮。

Check this out: Cyber-Dojo Test - just press resume and then in test_untitled.py press the TEST button.

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