Java应用程序，具有多个场景 [英] Java Application, with multiple Scenes
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问题描述
我正在研究一个java项目，我处理了所有功能但是当涉及到GUI我是初学者。我想知道的是，我可以使用java在一个阶段中显示不同的场景，就像在javaFX中一样吗？例如，我的起点是登录后清空Jframe并显示下一个视图或场景的登录面板。有很多观点我应该怎么做？
I'm working on a java project, I handled every functionality but when it comes to GUI I'm a beginner. What I want to know is can i use java to display different scenes in one stage like in javaFX? e.g my starting point is a login panel after login empty the Jframe and display next veiw or scene. there are a lot of views what should i do?
推荐答案
基本上，在Swing中 CardLayout 允许您在单个容器中切换视图。首先来看看如何使用CardLayout 了解更多信息详情。
Basically, in Swing CardLayout allows you to switch between views within a single container. Start by taking a look at How to Use CardLayout for more details.
以下示例使用模型 - 视图 - 控制器方法，旨在同时解耦代码，所以我担心它有点长，但这是使用的结果MVC和代码分离方法（我喜欢编码到接口）
The following example use a Model-View-Controller approach and is intended to decouple of the code at the same time, so I'm afraid it's a little long winded, but that's a result of using the MVC and code separation approaches (I like coding to interfaces)
让我们首先定义我们想要的观点...
Lets start by defining the views we want...
public interface IView<C extends IViewController> {
public JComponent getView();
public C getViewController();
}
public interface ILoginView extends IView<ILoginViewController> {
}
public interface IWelcomeView extends IView<IWelcomeViewController> {
}
显然，我们从视图的基本概念开始并在其上构建。每个视图都有一个控制器，它指示每个视图能够做什么...
Obviously, we start with a base concept of a view and build on it. Each view has a controller, which dictates what each view is capable of doing...
public interface IViewController {
}
public interface ILoginViewController extends IViewController {
public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials);
public void loginDidFail();
public void loginWasCancelled();
}
public interface IWelcomeViewController extends IViewController {
public ICredentials getCredentials();
public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials);
public void setCredentialsListener(ICredentialsListener listener);
public ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener();
public interface ICredentialsListener {
public void credentialsWereUpdated(ICredentials credentials);
}
}
现在很明显，我们需要能够在视图之间传递一些数据（在这种情况下是用户详细信息或凭证）
Now obviously, we need to be able to pass some data between views (in this case the user details or "credentials")
public interface ICredentials {
public String getUserName();
}
现在，让我们来看看实际情况并定义实际情况视图的实现...
Now, lets get to the nitty gritty and define the actual implementations of the views...
public abstract class AbstractView<C extends IViewController> extends JPanel implements IView<C> {
private C viewController;
public AbstractView(C viewController) {
this.viewController = viewController;
}
@Override
public JComponent getView() {
return this;
}
@Override
public C getViewController() {
return viewController;
}
}
public class WelcomeView extends AbstractView<IWelcomeViewController> implements IWelcomeView {
private JLabel userName;
public WelcomeView(IWelcomeViewController viewContoller) {
super(viewContoller);
viewContoller.setCredentialsListener((ICredentials credentials) -> {
userName.setText(credentials.getUserName());
revalidate();
repaint();
});
userName = new JLabel("...");
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);
add(new JLabel("WELCOME!"), gbc);
add(userName, gbc);
}
}
public class LoginView extends AbstractView<ILoginViewController> implements ILoginView {
private JTextField userName;
private JPasswordField password;
private JButton login;
private JButton cancel;
public LoginView(ILoginViewController controller) {
super(controller);
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
userName = new JTextField(10);
password = new JPasswordField(10);
login = new JButton("Login");
cancel = new JButton("Cancel");
login.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {
// Fake the login process...
// This might be handed off to another controller...
String name = userName.getText();
if (name != null && !name.isEmpty()) {
Random rnd = new Random();
if (rnd.nextBoolean()) {
getViewController().loginWasSuccessful(new DefaultCredentials(userName.getText()));
} else {
getViewController().loginDidFail();
}
}
});
cancel.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {
getViewController().loginWasCancelled();
});
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gbc.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 2);
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
add(new JLabel("Login"), gbc);
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy++;
gbc.gridwidth = 1;
add(new JLabel("Username:"), gbc);
gbc.gridy++;
add(new JLabel("Password:"), gbc);
gbc.gridx++;
gbc.gridy = 1;
add(userName, gbc);
gbc.gridy++;
add(password, gbc);
JPanel controls = new JPanel();
controls.add(login);
controls.add(cancel);
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy++;
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
add(controls, gbc);
}
public class DefaultCredentials implements ICredentials {
private final String userName;
public DefaultCredentials(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
@Override
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
}
}
好的，现在我们已经拥有了所有这些，我们需要通过 CardLayout 将它们组合在一起，这是控制器发挥作用的地方......
Okay, now we have all that, we need to group it all together, through the CardLayout, this is where the controllers come into play...
public class MainPane extends JPanel {
protected static final String LOGIN_VIEW = "View.login";
protected static final String WELCOME_VIEW = "View.welcome";
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private ILoginView loginView;
private IWelcomeView welcomeView;
public MainPane() {
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
setLayout(cardLayout);
// This could be established via a factory or builder pattern
loginView = new LoginView(new LoginViewController());
welcomeView = new WelcomeView(new WelcomeViewController());
add(loginView.getView(), LOGIN_VIEW);
add(welcomeView.getView(), WELCOME_VIEW);
cardLayout.show(this, LOGIN_VIEW);
}
protected class LoginViewController implements ILoginViewController {
@Override
public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials) {
welcomeView.getViewController().setCredentials(credentials);
cardLayout.show(MainPane.this, WELCOME_VIEW);
}
@Override
public void loginDidFail() {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(MainPane.this, "Login vaild", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
@Override
public void loginWasCancelled() {
SwingUtilities.windowForComponent(MainPane.this).dispose();
}
}
protected class WelcomeViewController implements IWelcomeViewController {
private IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener credentialsListener;
private ICredentials credentials;
@Override
public ICredentials getCredentials() {
return credentials;
}
@Override
public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials) {
this.credentials = credentials;
IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener = getCredentialsListener();
if (listener != null) {
listener.credentialsWereUpdated(credentials);
}
}
@Override
public void setCredentialsListener(IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener) {
this.credentialsListener = listener;
}
@Override
public IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener() {
return credentialsListener;
}
}
}
<这>几乎是核心Swing集成。只需要很少的工作，你就可以在JavaFX中使用控制器和查看接口。
This is pretty much the "core" Swing integration. With very little work, you could use the controller and view interfaces in JavaFX if you wanted to.
现在所有这一切都会向用户显示登录视图，如果用户成功登录后，会将视图切换到欢迎视图并将用户凭据传递给它...
Now all this does is presents the login view to the user, if the user is successfully logged in, it will switch the views to the welcome view and pass the user credentials to it...
如果您不想复制并粘贴所有这些，这是一个简单的runnable示例，我用来测试它...
And in case you don't want to copy and paste all that, this is a simple runnable example I used to test it...
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class TestCardLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestCardLayout();
}
public TestCardLayout() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new MainPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class MainPane extends JPanel {
protected static final String LOGIN_VIEW = "View.login";
protected static final String WELCOME_VIEW = "View.welcome";
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private ILoginView loginView;
private IWelcomeView welcomeView;
public MainPane() {
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
setLayout(cardLayout);
// This could be established via a factory or builder pattern
loginView = new LoginView(new LoginViewController());
welcomeView = new WelcomeView(new WelcomeViewController());
add(loginView.getView(), LOGIN_VIEW);
add(welcomeView.getView(), WELCOME_VIEW);
cardLayout.show(this, LOGIN_VIEW);
}
protected class LoginViewController implements ILoginViewController {
@Override
public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials) {
welcomeView.getViewController().setCredentials(credentials);
cardLayout.show(MainPane.this, WELCOME_VIEW);
}
@Override
public void loginDidFail() {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(MainPane.this, "Login vaild", "Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
@Override
public void loginWasCancelled() {
SwingUtilities.windowForComponent(MainPane.this).dispose();
}
}
protected class WelcomeViewController implements IWelcomeViewController {
private IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener credentialsListener;
private ICredentials credentials;
@Override
public ICredentials getCredentials() {
return credentials;
}
@Override
public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials) {
this.credentials = credentials;
IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener = getCredentialsListener();
if (listener != null) {
listener.credentialsWereUpdated(credentials);
}
}
@Override
public void setCredentialsListener(IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener listener) {
this.credentialsListener = listener;
}
@Override
public IWelcomeViewController.ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener() {
return credentialsListener;
}
}
}
public interface IViewController {
}
public interface ILoginViewController extends IViewController {
public void loginWasSuccessful(ICredentials credentials);
public void loginDidFail();
public void loginWasCancelled();
}
public interface IWelcomeViewController extends IViewController {
public ICredentials getCredentials();
public void setCredentials(ICredentials credentials);
public void setCredentialsListener(ICredentialsListener listener);
public ICredentialsListener getCredentialsListener();
public interface ICredentialsListener {
public void credentialsWereUpdated(ICredentials credentials);
}
}
public interface ICredentials {
public String getUserName();
}
public interface IView<C extends IViewController> {
public JComponent getView();
public C getViewController();
}
public interface ILoginView extends IView<ILoginViewController> {
}
public interface IWelcomeView extends IView<IWelcomeViewController> {
}
public abstract class AbstractView<C extends IViewController> extends JPanel implements IView<C> {
private C viewController;
public AbstractView(C viewController) {
this.viewController = viewController;
}
@Override
public JComponent getView() {
return this;
}
@Override
public C getViewController() {
return viewController;
}
}
public class WelcomeView extends AbstractView<IWelcomeViewController> implements IWelcomeView {
private JLabel userName;
public WelcomeView(IWelcomeViewController viewContoller) {
super(viewContoller);
viewContoller.setCredentialsListener((ICredentials credentials) -> {
userName.setText(credentials.getUserName());
revalidate();
repaint();
});
userName = new JLabel("...");
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);
add(new JLabel("WELCOME!"), gbc);
add(userName, gbc);
}
}
public class LoginView extends AbstractView<ILoginViewController> implements ILoginView {
private JTextField userName;
private JPasswordField password;
private JButton login;
private JButton cancel;
public LoginView(ILoginViewController controller) {
super(controller);
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
userName = new JTextField(10);
password = new JPasswordField(10);
login = new JButton("Login");
cancel = new JButton("Cancel");
login.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {
// Fake the login process...
// This might be handed off to another controller...
String name = userName.getText();
if (name != null && !name.isEmpty()) {
Random rnd = new Random();
if (rnd.nextBoolean()) {
getViewController().loginWasSuccessful(new DefaultCredentials(userName.getText()));
} else {
getViewController().loginDidFail();
}
}
});
cancel.addActionListener((ActionEvent e) -> {
getViewController().loginWasCancelled();
});
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gbc.insets = new Insets(2, 2, 2, 2);
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
add(new JLabel("Login"), gbc);
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy++;
gbc.gridwidth = 1;
add(new JLabel("Username:"), gbc);
gbc.gridy++;
add(new JLabel("Password:"), gbc);
gbc.gridx++;
gbc.gridy = 1;
add(userName, gbc);
gbc.gridy++;
add(password, gbc);
JPanel controls = new JPanel();
controls.add(login);
controls.add(cancel);
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy++;
gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
add(controls, gbc);
}
public class DefaultCredentials implements ICredentials {
private final String userName;
public DefaultCredentials(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
@Override
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
}
}
}
这篇关于Java应用程序，具有多个场景的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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