Selenium页面对象重用 [英] Selenium Page Object Reuse
问题描述
我真的很喜欢selenium 2按照惯例推动你使用PageObjects作为POJO，然后简单地使用PageFactory来实例化这个类中的字段。
I really like how selenium 2 by convention pushes you towards using PageObjects as POJOs, and then simply using the PageFactory to instantiate the fields in this class.
我是什么我发现限制是我们在许多不同的页面上重复使用了很多元素。最大的问题是这些重用的组件在出现在不同页面时没有相同的id / name;但是我们为每个测试运行的测试是相同的。
What I am finding limiting is that we reuse a lot of elements on many different pages. The big problem is that these reused components do not have the same id / name when they appear on different pages; however the tests we would run for each of them is the same.
作为一个例子，我们在很多地方收集日期。因此，此示例页面对象可能是（月，日字段已删除）：
As an example we collect dates in many places. So an example page object for this could be (month, day fields removed):
public class DatePageObject {
private WebDriver driver;
DatePageObject(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
@FindBy( id = "someIdForThisInstance")
private WebElement year;
public void testYearNumeric() {
this.year.sendKeys('aa');
this.year.submit();
//Logic to determine Error message shows up
}
}
<然后我可以使用下面的代码简单地测试一下：
Then I could simply test this with the code below:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
DatePageObject dpo = PageFactory.initElements(driver, DriverPageObject.class);
driver.get("Some URL");
dpo.testYearNumeric();
}
}
我真正想做的是拥有一个通过Spring我可以将id / name / xpath等注入到应用程序中。
What I'd really like to do is have a setup whereby with Spring I can inject that id/name/xpath, etc... into the application.
有没有办法可以做到这一点，而不会失去使用PageFactory的能力？
Is there a way I can do this, without losing the ability to utilize the PageFactory?
编辑1 - 添加理想的基类级别，处理自定义定位器和工厂。
Edit 1 -- Adding ideal base level classes, working on Custom Locators and Factories.
public class PageElement {
private WebElement element;
private How how;
private String using;
PageElement(How how, String using) {
this.how = how;
this.using = using;
}
//Getters and Setters
}
public class PageWidget {
private List<PageElement> widgetElements;
}
public class Screen {
private List<PageWidget> fullPage;
private WebDriver driver;
public Screen(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
for (PageWidget pw : fullPage) {
CustomPageFactory.initElements(driver, pw.class);
}
}
编辑2 - 就像注释一样长当您运行Selenium 2.0.a5或更高版本时，您现在可以为驱动程序提供隐式超时值。
Edit 2 -- Just as a note, as long as you are running Selenium 2.0.a5 or greater, you can now give the driver an implicit timeout value.
因此您可以用以下代码替换代码：
So you can replace your code with:
private class CustomElementLocator implements ElementLocator {
private WebDriver driver;
private int timeOutInSeconds;
private final By by;
public CustomElementLocator(WebDriver driver, Field field,
int timeOutInSeconds) {
this.driver = driver;
this.timeOutInSeconds = timeOutInSeconds;
CustomAnnotations annotations = new CustomAnnotations(field);
this.by = annotations.buildBy();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //Set this value in a more realistic place
}
public WebElement findElement() {
return driver.findElement(by);
}
}
推荐答案
你可以构建您的公共Web元素的页面对象（刚刚发明了这个名称:)） - 每个CWE将代表在不同页面上使用的小部件。在您的示例中，这将是某种日期窗口小部件 - 它包含年，月和日。基本上它将是一个Page对象。
You can build your Page Object of the Common Web Elements (just invented this name :)) - each CWE will represent a "widget" that is used on different pages. In your example this will be a some sort of Date Widget - it contains the Year, Month and a Day. Basically it will be a Page Object.
PageFactory 要求字符串常量用于 @FindBy 注释。
PageFactory requires the string constants to be used in @FindBy annotations.
要解决此限制，我们创建了自己的 ElementLocator s 。
To resolve this limitation we created our own ElementLocators.
您可以在测试中使用 DateWidget ：
....
DateWidget widget = new DateWidget(driver, "yearId", "monthId", "dayId");
....
public void testYearNumeric() {
widget.setYear("aa");
widget.submit();
//Logic to determine Error message shows up
// ... and day
widget.setDay("bb");
widget.submit();
//Logic to determine Error message shows up
}
DateWidget 类，其中包含自定义定位器和注释解析器：
The DateWidget class, which contains custom locators and annotation parsers is:
package pagefactory.test;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.Annotations;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.ElementLocator;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.ElementLocatorFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Wait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class DateWidget {
// These constants are used to identify that they should be changed to the actual IDs
private static final String YEAR_ID = "$YEAR_ID$";
private static final String MONTH_ID = "$MONTH_ID$";
private static final String DAY_ID = "$DAY_ID$";
// Elements whose ids will be replaced during run-time
/** Year element */
@FindBy(id = YEAR_ID)
private WebElement year;
/** Month element */
@FindBy(id = MONTH_ID)
private WebElement month;
/** day element */
@FindBy(id = DAY_ID)
private WebElement day;
// The ids of the elements
/** ID of the year element */
private String yearId;
/** ID of the month element */
private String monthId;
/** ID of the day element */
private String dayId;
public DateWidget(WebDriver driver, String yearId, String monthId,
String dayId) {
this.yearId = yearId;
this.monthId = monthId;
this.dayId = dayId;
PageFactory.initElements(new CustomLocatorFactory(driver, 15), this);
}
public String getYear() {
return year.getValue();
}
public void setYear(String year) {
setValue(this.year, year);
}
public String getMonth() {
return month.getValue();
}
public void setMonth(String month) {
setValue(this.month, month);
}
public String getDay() {
return day.getValue();
}
public void setDay(String day) {
setValue(this.day, day);
}
public void submit() {
year.submit();
}
private void setValue(WebElement field, String value) {
field.clear();
field.sendKeys(value);
}
private class CustomLocatorFactory implements ElementLocatorFactory {
private final int timeOutInSeconds;
private WebDriver driver;
public CustomLocatorFactory(WebDriver driver, int timeOutInSeconds) {
this.driver = driver;
this.timeOutInSeconds = timeOutInSeconds;
}
public ElementLocator createLocator(Field field) {
return new CustomElementLocator(driver, field, timeOutInSeconds);
}
}
private class CustomElementLocator implements ElementLocator {
private WebDriver driver;
private int timeOutInSeconds;
private final By by;
public CustomElementLocator(WebDriver driver, Field field,
int timeOutInSeconds) {
this.driver = driver;
this.timeOutInSeconds = timeOutInSeconds;
CustomAnnotations annotations = new CustomAnnotations(field);
this.by = annotations.buildBy();
}
@Override
public WebElement findElement() {
ExpectedCondition<Boolean> e = new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
d.findElement(by);
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
};
Wait<WebDriver> w = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeOutInSeconds);
w.until(e);
return driver.findElement(by);
}
}
private class CustomAnnotations extends Annotations {
public CustomAnnotations(Field field) {
super(field);
}
@Override
protected By buildByFromShortFindBy(FindBy findBy) {
if (!"".equals(findBy.id())) {
String id = findBy.id();
if (id.contains(YEAR_ID)) {
id = id.replace(YEAR_ID, yearId);
return By.id(id);
} else if (id.contains(MONTH_ID)) {
id = id.replace(MONTH_ID, monthId);
return By.id(id);
} else if (id.contains(DAY_ID)) {
id = id.replace(DAY_ID, dayId);
return By.id(id);
}
}
return super.buildByFromShortFindBy(findBy);
}
}
}
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