在Tomcat 7上运行的Web应用程序中的NoClassDefFoundError [英] NoClassDefFoundError in web application running on Tomcat 7
本文介绍了在Tomcat 7上运行的Web应用程序中的NoClassDefFoundError的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我使用由Maven 3构建的gucie-servlet框架用Java编写的Web应用程序。当我在Tomcat 7容器上部署它并尝试使用浏览器访问它时，Tomcat回复404状态代码。这是来自Tomcat的日志：
I have web application written in Java using gucie-servlet framework being built by Maven 3. When I deploy it on Tomcat 7 container and try to access it using browser, Tomcat replies with 404 status code. This is log from Tomcat:
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:50 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: SessionListener: contextDestroyed()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:50 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: contextDestroyed()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ru/hive/base/db/modules/DatabaseModule
at ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig.getInjector(HiveServletConfig.java:24)
at com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceServletContextListener.contextInitialized(GuiceServletContextListener.java:45)
at ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig.contextInitialized(HiveServletConfig.java:19)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4797)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5291)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:977)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1655)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:439)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1713)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1558)
... 17 more
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: contextInitialized()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: SessionListener: contextInitialized()
Apr 4, 2013 11:39:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: ContextListener: attributeAdded('org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache', 'org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache@e8606c')
异常说在我的应用程序的CLASSPATH中没有名为ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule的类，但它不是这样：
Exception says that there is no class named ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule in CLASSPATH of my app, but it is not true:
frodo@shire:~/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/webapps/hive/WEB-INF/lib$ ls -l
total 30132
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 4467 нояб. 22 13:46 aopalliance-1.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 27010023 апр. 4 11:39 base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 232019 дек. 18 10:12 commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 58160 авг. 2 2011 commons-codec-1.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 196768 дек. 18 10:12 commons-digester-2.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 163151 нояб. 22 13:46 commons-io-2.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 60686 авг. 2 2011 commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 189285 нояб. 28 15:01 gson-2.2.2.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 710492 февр. 6 18:59 guice-3.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 65012 февр. 13 13:21 guice-servlet-3.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 352585 нояб. 22 13:46 httpclient-4.1.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 181410 нояб. 22 13:46 httpcore-4.1.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 26938 нояб. 22 13:46 httpmime-4.1.3.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 2497 февр. 6 18:59 javax.inject-1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 31866 февр. 6 18:59 jsr305-2.0.1.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 25962 нояб. 22 13:46 slf4j-api-1.6.4.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 371816 нояб. 22 13:46 solr-solrj-4.0.0.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 520969 нояб. 22 13:46 wstx-asl-3.2.7.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 frodo frodo 608239 нояб. 22 13:46 zookeeper-3.3.6.jar
JAR base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar包含Tomcat找不到的类。 JAR中的目录结构与堆栈跟踪中的完整类名相同。我项目的pom.xml是：
JAR base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar contains class which Tomcat can't find. The directory structure inside JAR is the same as in full class name in stack trace. The pom.xml for my project is:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>webserver</artifactId>
<version>0.0.42-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>Api servlet</name>
<parent>
<groupId>ru.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>main</artifactId>
<version>0.0.41-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../main</relativePath>
</parent>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>dev</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<solr.url>http://localhost:8983/solr</solr.url>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<configuration>
<server>local_tomcat</server>
<url>http://192.168.0.39:8080/manager/text</url>
<path>/hive</path>
<update>true</update>
<username>user</username>
<password>pass</password>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>production</id>
<properties>
<solr.url>http://localhost:8983/solr/hive</solr.url>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<configuration>
<server>production_tomcat</server>
<url>http://some.ip.address:8080/manager/text</url>
<path>/hive</path>
<update>true</update>
<username>user</username>
<password>pass</password>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
</profiles>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ru.hive</groupId>
<artifactId>base</artifactId>
<version>0.0.42-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.inject.extensions</groupId>
<artifactId>guice-servlet</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.findbugs</groupId>
<artifactId>jsr305</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.solr</groupId>
<artifactId>solr-solrj</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-digester</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-digester</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<id>central</id>
<name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>repo</id>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<checksumPolicy>ignore</checksumPolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<url>file://${project.basedir}/lib</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<releases>
<updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<id>central</id>
<name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<build>
<finalName>hive</finalName>
<sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
<scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
<testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
<outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
<testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
<directory>target</directory>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2-beta-5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-war</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>war</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
</manifest>
</archive>
<webResources>
<webResource>
<directory>src/main/webapp/META-INF</directory>
<includes>
<include>context.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<targetPath>META-INF</targetPath>
</webResource>
</webResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-clean</id>
<phase>clean</phase>
<goals>
<goal>clean</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-install</id>
<phase>install</phase>
<goals>
<goal>install</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-resources</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>resources</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-testResources</id>
<phase>process-test-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>testResources</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-testCompile</id>
<phase>test-compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>default-compile</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
<reporting>
<outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory>
</reporting>
</project>
所以问题是我做错了什么以及为什么我得到这个ClassDefNotFound异常？
So the question is what am I doing wrong and why I get this ClassDefNotFound exception?
PS。 maven-war-plugin配置的编辑版本：
PS. Edited version of maven-war-plugin config:
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>default-war</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>war</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<webResources>
<webResource>
<directory>src/main/webapp/META-INF</directory>
<includes>
<include>context.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<targetPath>META-INF</targetPath>
</webResource>
</webResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
PPS。 ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig类列表
PPS. ru.hive.webserver.config.HiveServletConfig class listing
package ru.hive.webserver.config;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import ru.hive.base.db.modules.DatabaseModule;
import ru.hive.base.state.modules.StateManagerModule;
import ru.hive.webserver.api.ApiServlet;
import ru.hive.webserver.scheduler.Scheduler;
import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.servlet.GuiceServletContextListener;
import com.google.inject.servlet.ServletModule;
public class HiveServletConfig extends GuiceServletContextListener {
@Override
protected Injector getInjector() {
return Guice.createInjector(new ServletModule() {
@Override
protected void configureServlets() {
install(new DatabaseModule());
install(new StateManagerModule());
serve("/api").with(ApiServlet.class);
serve("/scheduler").with(Scheduler.class);
}
});
}
}
PPPS。 < TOMCAT_HOME> / lib 中的JAR列表：
PPPS. The list of JARs in <TOMCAT_HOME>/lib:
`-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 15264 марта 22 18:38 annotations-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 54176 марта 22 18:38 catalina-ant.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 132729 марта 22 18:38 catalina-ha.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 1563926 марта 22 18:38 catalina.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 255182 марта 22 18:38 catalina-tribes.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 1796326 марта 22 18:38 ecj-4.2.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 46085 марта 22 18:38 el-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 123241 марта 22 18:38 jasper-el.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 599131 марта 22 18:38 jasper.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 88690 марта 22 18:38 jsp-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 177599 марта 22 18:38 servlet-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 6873 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-api.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 795308 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-coyote.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 235411 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-dbcp.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 77364 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-es.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 48693 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-fr.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 51678 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-i18n-ja.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 123958 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-jdbc.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 jcdenton jcdenton 23174 марта 22 18:38 tomcat-util.jar`
推荐答案
好的，我已经找到了解决方案。仔细研究了我的< TOMCAT_HOME> /logs/catalina.log 后，我发现了这条记录：
OK, I've found the solution. After careful study of my <TOMCAT_HOME>/logs/catalina.log I've found this record:
Apr 5, 2013 1:38:26 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile(/home/frodo/apache-tomcat-7.0.37/webapps/hive/WEB-INF/lib/base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
这个问题解释了这条消息的原因 - 我的JAR 基础 - 0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar 包含与Servlet API相关的内容，因此无法由Tomcat加载。因此，我的网络应用程序在启动后无法在此JAR中找到类。我在这个JAR中使用了一些Twitter公共部分，其中包含Servlet API的实现。修改 base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar 的依赖关系后，我的应用程序启动并加载所需的类。谢谢大家！
This question explains the reason of this message - my JAR base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar contains something related to Servlet API and can't be loaded by Tomcat because of it. So, my web app can't find classes in this JAR after start. I'm using some parts of Twitter commons inside this JAR which contain realization of Servlet API. After revision of the dependencies of base-0.0.42-SNAPSHOT.jar my app starts and loads classes needed. Thank you to everyone!
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