您如何向新程序员解释面向对象? [英] How do you explain OO to new programmers?

问题描述

我的亲戚正在学习编程，并且很难理解课程.他很难理解，例如您需要实例化它，方法无法访问其他方法中的变量，并且如果您在类的一个实例中更改了变量，则在其他实例中也不会更改.

My relative is studying programming and has a hard time understanding classes. He has trouble understanding for example that you need to instantiate it, that methods cannot access variables in other methods and if you change a variable in one instance of a class it doesn't change for other instances.

我尝试使用类定义之类的类比就像房屋的蓝图.实例是根据该蓝图建造的房屋.

I've tried to use analogies like a class definition is like a blueprint of a house. And instances are houses made from that blueprint.

您如何大致解释类和OO?

How do you explain classes and OO in general?

推荐答案

认真使用Animals，效果很好.这就是几年前为我钉上这个概念的东西.刚发现此C#代码.看起来不错

Seriously use Animals, it works great. And that's what nailed the concept for me years ago. Just found this C# code. It seems good

    // Assembly: Common Classes
    // Namespace: CommonClasses

    public interface IAnimal
    {
        string Name
        { 
             get; 
        }
        string Talk();
    }

    // Assembly: Animals
    // Namespace: Animals

    public class AnimalBase
    {
        private string _name;
        AnimalBase(string name)
        {
           _name = name;
        }
        public string Name
        {
           get
           {
              return _name;
           }
        }
    }

    // Assembly: Animals
    // Namespace: Animals

    public class Cat : AnimalBase, IAnimal
    {
        public Cat(String name) :
            base(name)
        {
        }

        public string Talk() {
            return "Meowww!";
        }
    }

    // Assembly: Animals
    // Namespace: Animals

    public class Dog : AnimalBase, IAnimal
    {
        public Dog(string name) : 
            base(name)
        {
        }

        public string Talk() {
            return "Arf! Arf!";
        }
    }

    // Assembly: Program
    // Namespace: Program
    // References and Uses Assemblies: Common Classes, Animals

    public class TestAnimals
    {
        // prints the following:
        //
        // Missy: Meowww!
        // Mr. Bojangles: Meowww!
        // Lassie: Arf! Arf!
        //
        public static void Main(String[] args)
        {
            List<IAnimal> animals = new List<IAnimal>();
            animals.Add(new Cat("Missy"));
            animals.Add(new Cat("Mr. Bojangles"));
            animals.Add(new Dog("Lassie"));

            foreach(IAnimal animal in animals)
            {
                 Console.WriteLine(animal.Name + ": " + animal.Talk());
            }    
        }
    }

一旦他搞定了，就挑战他来定义Bird(飞行)，然后定义Penguin(飞行！?)

And once he's got this nailed, you challenge him to define Bird (fly), and then Penguin (fly!?)

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