我如何找出我的MySQL中的默认字符集/排序规则 [英] How can I figure out the default charset/collation in my MySQL

问题描述

我在Ubuntu 18.04上使用MySQL和MySQL Workbench 8.0+.当我创建带有字符串类型的列时，我将字符集/排序规则保留为默认值.在MySQL工作台中，它只是告诉我它是Default Charset.

I use MySQL and MySQL Workbench 8.0+ on Ubuntu 18.04. When I create a column with a string type, I leave the charset/collation to default. In MySQL workbench, it just show me that is it Default Charset.

当前的MySQL和Workbench使用的默认字符集是什么?我该如何解决?

What is the default charset used by my current MySQL and Workbench? How can I figure this out?

推荐答案

使用SHOW CREATE TABLE.例如:

CREATE TABLE a (
    dflt VARCHAR(11),
    cs   VARCHAR(11)  CHARACTER SET latin1,
    cola VARCHAR(11)  COLLATE utf8mb4_hungarian_ci,
    cc   VARCHAR(11)  CHARACTER SET latin1  COLLATE latin1_bin,
    colb VARCHAR(11)  COLLATE latin1_bin
);

SHOW CREATE TABLE a\G

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE a\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: a
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `a` (
  `dflt` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `cs`   varchar(11) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `cola` varchar(11) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_hungarian_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `cc`   varchar(11) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `colb` varchar(11) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

注意:

• 大多数列中的字符集和排序规则均已阐明.
• 没有设置(dflt)的设置从表的DEFAULTs继承那些设置.
• 每个CHARACTER SET都有一个默认"排序规则.
• 每个COLLATE都与一个CHARACTER SET正相关，即排序规则名称的第一部分.
• (此处未显示):表的DEFAULTs是从DATABASE继承的.
• 如果您什么也不做，则MySQL 8默认为CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci.
• 旧版本默认为CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_swedish_ci
• 某些归类中的"0900"或"520"是指Unicode标准版本9.0和5.20.您可以由此推断，将来可能会有新的更好"的排序规则.

• Most of the columns have the charset and collation spelled out.
• The one that does not (dflt) inherits those settings from the DEFAULTs for the table.
• Each CHARACTER SET has a "default" collation.
• Each COLLATE is associated with exactly one CHARACTER SET, namely the first part of the collation name.
• (Not shown here): The DEFAULTs for the table are inherited from the DATABASE.
• MySQL 8 defaults to CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci if you do nothing.
• Older versions defaulted to CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_swedish_ci
• The "0900" or "520" in some collations refers to Unicode Standards versions 9.0 and 5.20. You can infer from this that there may be new, "better", collations in the future.

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