在Vim中自定义语法突出显示 [英] Customizing Syntax Highlighting in Vim
问题描述
如何保留文件格式的所有当前格式，但添加功能.
我想突出显示.vim文件中的颜色，以便突出显示每种颜色，终端将如何解决它.
我创建了一个包含以下内容的vim.vim文件:
syn keyword yellow yellow containedin=All
highlight yellow ctermfg=yellow
syn keyword red red containedin=all
highlight red ctermfg=red
并将其放入~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vim
根据建议此处. /p>
这无效.
更新
实际上，当我说我的更改没有任何效果时，我错了.如果您自己在一行上键入yellow，它将突出显示为黄色.不幸的是，这不能解决我的问题.
我添加了 Al 中描述的F3功能.
当我f3越过黄色(在上下文ctermfg=yellow中)时，它将返回:
hi<vimHiCtermColor> trans<vimHiCtermColor> lo<vimHiCtermColor> FG:-1 BG:-1
然后:syn list vimHiCtermColor返回:
--- Syntax items ---
vimHiCtermColor xxx contained lightmagenta darkgray lightgrey darkgrey lightgreen lightgray darkmagenta gray white red grey darkred brown darkblue darkgreen lightblue yellow cyan
contained lightcyan lightred black blue green magenta darkcyan darkyellow
我检查了:syn list darkgray(我尚未定义的内容)以查看其是否存在:
--- Syntax items ---
E28: No such highlight group name: darkgray
Hit ENTER or type command to continue
我应该从这里去哪里?
解决方案
这是直接给黄色涂上颜色的直接答案.
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
这是为所有颜色端子名称着色的解决方案.它们仅在终端(而不是GUI)中着色，而其他属性(256色终端，GUI颜色，粗体等属性)则完全不突出显示.为了进一步扩展它，您可能希望某种脚本迭代所有可能的值.
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorBlack,vimHiCtermColorBlue,vimHiCtermColorBrown,vimHiCtermColorCyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue,vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkgray,vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen,vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey,vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta,vimHiCtermColorDarkred,vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow,vimHiCtermColorGray,vimHiCtermColorGreen,vimHiCtermColorGrey,vimHiCtermColorLightblue,vimHiCtermColorLightcyan,vimHiCtermColorLightgray,vimHiCtermColorLightgreen,vimHiCtermColorLightgrey,vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta,vimHiCtermColorLightred,vimHiCtermColorMagenta,vimHiCtermColorRed,vimHiCtermColorWhite,vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlack black contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlue blue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBrown brown contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorCyan cyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue darkBlue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan darkcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgray darkgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen darkgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey darkgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta darkmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkred darkred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow darkyellow contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGray gray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGreen green contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGrey grey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightblue lightblue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightcyan lightcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgray lightgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgreen lightgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgrey lightgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta lightmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightred lightred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorMagenta magenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorRed red contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorWhite white contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlack ctermfg=black
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlue ctermfg=blue
highlight vimHiCtermColorBrown ctermfg=brown
highlight vimHiCtermColorCyan ctermfg=cyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue ctermfg=darkBlue
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan ctermfg=darkcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgray ctermfg=darkgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen ctermfg=darkgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey ctermfg=darkgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta ctermfg=darkmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkred ctermfg=darkred
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow ctermfg=darkyellow
highlight vimHiCtermColorGray ctermfg=gray
highlight vimHiCtermColorGreen ctermfg=green
highlight vimHiCtermColorGrey ctermfg=grey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightblue ctermfg=lightblue
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightcyan ctermfg=lightcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgray ctermfg=lightgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgreen ctermfg=lightgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgrey ctermfg=lightgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta ctermfg=lightmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightred ctermfg=lightred
highlight vimHiCtermColorMagenta ctermfg=magenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorRed ctermfg=red
highlight vimHiCtermColorWhite ctermfg=white
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
说明
如果您查看 colors/vim.vim 并搜索cterm，则会看到一行
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
这表示，遇到ctermfg=或ctermbg=时，突出显示下一个单词为vimNumber，vimHiCtermColor，vimFgBgAttrib或vimHiCtermError.看vimHiCtermColor(上面几行)，我们看到
syn keyword vimHiCtermColor contained black blue brown cyan darkBlue darkcyan darkgray darkgreen darkgrey darkmagenta darkred darkyellow gray green grey lightblue lightcyan lightgray lightgreen lightgrey lightmagenta lightred magenta red white yellow
这将列出所有颜色端子名称，并将它们突出显示为具有相同语法组的关键字.因此，我们可以一起突出显示它们，而不是一起突出显示它们.上面第一个解决方案的四行描述了步骤:
- 创建一个新的集群，
@vimHiCtermColors包含步骤2中的每个组. - 为每个颜色值添加一个新关键字.
- 修改
vimHiCtermFgBg定义以使用@vimHiCtermColors代替vimHiCtermColor. - 根据需要突出显示每个关键字.
您尝试的方法不起作用的原因有两个.首先，在nextgroup中指定的语法组比一般组(尤其是您的yellow组)更受青睐.但是，您可能会说:"containedin=ALL怎么样?"这是第二点.关键字是单个单位，不能包含其他任何内容.原始的vimHiCtermColor组是所有关键字，因此您的containedin=ALL无法覆盖它.如果vimHiCtermColor是匹配项而不是关键字，则可能有效.
How I can keep all the current formatting for a file type but add functionality.
I would like to highlight colors in .vim files so that each color is highlighted how the terminal will resolve it.
I created a vim.vim file containing:
syn keyword yellow yellow containedin=All
highlight yellow ctermfg=yellow
syn keyword red red containedin=all
highlight red ctermfg=red
and put it into ~/.vim/after/syntax/vim.vim
As suggested here.
This has no effect.
Update
In fact I was mistaken when I said my changes had no effect. If you type yellow by itself on a line it will be highlighted yellow. Unfortunately this does not solve my problem.
I added the F3 functionality described by Al.
When I f3 over yellow (in the context ctermfg=yellow) it returns:
hi<vimHiCtermColor> trans<vimHiCtermColor> lo<vimHiCtermColor> FG:-1 BG:-1
Then :syn list vimHiCtermColor returns:
--- Syntax items ---
vimHiCtermColor xxx contained lightmagenta darkgray lightgrey darkgrey lightgreen lightgray darkmagenta gray white red grey darkred brown darkblue darkgreen lightblue yellow cyan
contained lightcyan lightred black blue green magenta darkcyan darkyellow
I checked :syn list darkgray (something I have not defined) to see if it exists:
--- Syntax items ---
E28: No such highlight group name: darkgray
Hit ENTER or type command to continue
Where should I go from here?
Solution
Here's a direct answer for coloring just the word yellow.
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
And here's a solution for coloring all the color terminal names. They are only colored in the terminal (not the GUI), and other attributes (256-color terminal, GUI colors, attributes such as bold) are not highlighted at all. To extend this further, you'd probably want some sort of script to iterate over all the possible values.
syn cluster vimHiCtermColors contains=vimHiCtermColorBlack,vimHiCtermColorBlue,vimHiCtermColorBrown,vimHiCtermColorCyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue,vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan,vimHiCtermColorDarkgray,vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen,vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey,vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta,vimHiCtermColorDarkred,vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow,vimHiCtermColorGray,vimHiCtermColorGreen,vimHiCtermColorGrey,vimHiCtermColorLightblue,vimHiCtermColorLightcyan,vimHiCtermColorLightgray,vimHiCtermColorLightgreen,vimHiCtermColorLightgrey,vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta,vimHiCtermColorLightred,vimHiCtermColorMagenta,vimHiCtermColorRed,vimHiCtermColorWhite,vimHiCtermColorYellow
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlack black contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBlue blue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorBrown brown contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorCyan cyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue darkBlue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan darkcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgray darkgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen darkgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey darkgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta darkmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkred darkred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow darkyellow contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGray gray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGreen green contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorGrey grey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightblue lightblue contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightcyan lightcyan contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgray lightgray contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgreen lightgreen contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightgrey lightgrey contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta lightmagenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorLightred lightred contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorMagenta magenta contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorRed red contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorWhite white contained
syn keyword vimHiCtermColorYellow yellow contained
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,@vimHiCtermColors,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlack ctermfg=black
highlight vimHiCtermColorBlue ctermfg=blue
highlight vimHiCtermColorBrown ctermfg=brown
highlight vimHiCtermColorCyan ctermfg=cyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkBlue ctermfg=darkBlue
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkcyan ctermfg=darkcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgray ctermfg=darkgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgreen ctermfg=darkgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkgrey ctermfg=darkgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkmagenta ctermfg=darkmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkred ctermfg=darkred
highlight vimHiCtermColorDarkyellow ctermfg=darkyellow
highlight vimHiCtermColorGray ctermfg=gray
highlight vimHiCtermColorGreen ctermfg=green
highlight vimHiCtermColorGrey ctermfg=grey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightblue ctermfg=lightblue
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightcyan ctermfg=lightcyan
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgray ctermfg=lightgray
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgreen ctermfg=lightgreen
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightgrey ctermfg=lightgrey
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightmagenta ctermfg=lightmagenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorLightred ctermfg=lightred
highlight vimHiCtermColorMagenta ctermfg=magenta
highlight vimHiCtermColorRed ctermfg=red
highlight vimHiCtermColorWhite ctermfg=white
highlight vimHiCtermColorYellow ctermfg=yellow
Explanation
If you look in colors/vim.vim and search for cterm, you'll see a line
syn match vimHiCtermFgBg contained "\ccterm[fb]g="he=e-1 nextgroup=vimNumber,vimHiCtermColor,vimFgBgAttrib,vimHiCtermError
This says that, when ctermfg= or ctermbg= is encountered, highlight the next word as vimNumber, vimHiCtermColor, vimFgBgAttrib, or vimHiCtermError. Looking at vimHiCtermColor (a few lines above), we see
syn keyword vimHiCtermColor contained black blue brown cyan darkBlue darkcyan darkgray darkgreen darkgrey darkmagenta darkred darkyellow gray green grey lightblue lightcyan lightgray lightgreen lightgrey lightmagenta lightred magenta red white yellow
This lists all of the color terminal names, and they are highlighted as keywords with the same syntax group. So, instead of highlighting them all together, we can highlight them separately. The four lines of the first solution above describe the steps:
- Create a new cluster,
@vimHiCtermColorscontaining each of the groups in step 2. - Add a new keyword for each color value.
- Modify the
vimHiCtermFgBgdefinition to use@vimHiCtermColorsinstead ofvimHiCtermColor. - Highlight each keyword as you wish.
The reason why what you tried did not work is twofold. First, the syntax groups specified in the nextgroup are preferred over general groups (your yellow group, in particular). But, you may say, "What about containedin=ALL?" This is the second point. Keywords are individual units and cannot contain anything else. The original vimHiCtermColor group was all keywords, so your containedin=ALL could not override it. If vimHiCtermColor had been a match instead of a keyword, it may have worked.
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