ASP.NET MVC核心级联DropDownList [英] ASP.NET MVC Core Cascading DropDownList

问题描述

我在查找教程/视频时遇到了麻烦，该教程/视频显示了如何使用EntityFramework从数据库中实现Cascading DropDownList.我正在使用ASP.NET MVC核心，带有C#的EntityFramework核心.

I'm having trouble finding a tutorial / video that shows how to implement Cascading DropDownList from a Database using EntityFramework. I'm using ASP.NET MVC Core, EntityFramework Core with C#.

到目前为止，我能够从数据库中检索数据到3 DropDownList很好.

As of now, I'm able to retrieve the data from my database to my 3 DropDownList fine.

我希望能够完成的工作是让用户首先选择一个州，然后显示与该州相关的所有城市.然后，在用户选择城市后，它将显示与城市相关的邮政编码.

What I would like to be able to accomplish is to have the user select a State first which would then display all Cities related to that State. Then after user has selected a City it would display the Zip Code(s) related to the City.

任何帮助将不胜感激.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

模型

    public class Customer
{
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    public int StateId { get; set; }
    public int CityId { get; set; }
    public int ZipId { get; set; }

    public State State { get; set; }
    public City City { get; set; }
    public Zip Zip { get; set; }
}

    public class State
{
    public int StateId { get; set; }
    public string Abbr { get; set; }

    public List<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
}

    public class City
{
    public int CityId { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }

    public int StateId { get; set; }
    public State State { get; set; }

    public List<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
}

    public class Zip
{
    public int ZipId { get; set; }
    public string PostalCode { get; set; }

    public int CityId { get; set; }
    public City City { get; set; }

    public List<Customer> Customers { get; set; }
}

ViewModels

    public class CustomerFormVM
{
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "First Name")]
    [StringLength(50)]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [Display(Name = "Last Name")]
    [StringLength(50)]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Select State")]
    [Display(Name = "State")]
    public int StateId { get; set; }

    //public IEnumerable<State> States { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> States { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Select City")]
    [Display(Name = "City")]
    public int CityId { get; set; }

    //public IEnumerable<City> Citys { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> Citys { get; set; }

    [Required(ErrorMessage = "Select Zip")]
    [Display(Name = "Zip")]
    public int ZipId { get; set; }

    //public IEnumerable<Zip> Zips { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<SelectListItem> Zips { get; set; }
}

CustomerController

public class CustomerController : Controller
{
    private MultiDbContext db;

    public CustomerController(MultiDbContext context)
    {
        db = context;
    }

    // GET: /<controller>/
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View(db.Customers.ToList());
    }

    public IActionResult getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(int id)
    {
        return View(db.Citys.Where(c => c.StateId == id).ToList());
    }

    public IActionResult getCities(int id)
    {
        var cities = new List<City>();
        cities = getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(id); //call repository
        return Json(cities);
    }

    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        var states = db.States.ToList();
        var citys = db.Citys.ToList();
        var zips = db.Zips.ToList();

        var viewModel = new CustomerFormVM
        {
            States = states,
            Citys = citys,
            Zips = zips
        };

        return View(viewModel);
    }


    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Create(CustomerFormVM vm)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            var customer = new Customer();
            {
                customer.FirstName = vm.FirstName;
                customer.LastName = vm.LastName;
                customer.StateId = vm.StateId;
                customer.CityId = vm.CityId;
                customer.ZipId = vm.ZipId;
            }
            db.Customers.Add(customer);
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }

        else
        {
            vm.States = db.States.ToList();
            vm.Citys = db.Citys.ToList();
            vm.Zips = db.Zips.ToList();
            return View(vm);
        }
    }


    public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return NotFound();
        }

        var customervm = new CustomerFormVM();
        {
            Customer customer = db.Customers.SingleOrDefault(c => c.CustomerId == id);

            if (customer == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }

            customervm.CustomerId = customer.CustomerId;
            customervm.FirstName = customer.FirstName;
            customervm.LastName = customer.LastName;

            // Retrieve list of States
            var states = db.States.ToList();
            customervm.States = states;

            // Retrieve list of Citys
            var citys = db.Citys.ToList();
            customervm.Citys = citys;

            // Retrieve list of Citys
            var zips = db.Zips.ToList();
            customervm.Zips = zips;

            // Set the selected state
            customervm.StateId = customer.StateId;

            // Set the selected city
            customervm.CityId = customer.CityId;

            // Set the selected zip
            customervm.ZipId = customer.ZipId;
        }
        return View(customervm);
    }


    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Edit(CustomerFormVM vmEdit)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            Customer customer = db.Customers.SingleOrDefault(c => c.CustomerId == vmEdit.CustomerId);

            if (customer == null)
            {
                return NotFound();
            }

            customer.FirstName = vmEdit.FirstName;
            customer.LastName = vmEdit.LastName;
            customer.StateId = vmEdit.StateId;
            customer.CityId = vmEdit.CityId;
            customer.ZipId = vmEdit.ZipId;

            db.Entry(customer).State = EntityState.Modified;
            db.SaveChanges();
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        return View(vmEdit);
    }
}

创建视图

        <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(c => c.FirstName)
        @Html.TextBoxFor(c => c.FirstName, new { @class = "form-control" })
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(c => c.LastName)
        @Html.TextBoxFor(c => c.LastName, new { @class = "form-control" })
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        @*@Html.LabelFor(s => s.StateId)
            @Html.DropDownListFor(s => s.StateId, new SelectList(Model.States, "StateId", "Abbr"), "", new { @class = "form-control" })
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(s => s.StateId)*@

        <label asp-for="StateId "></label>
        <select asp-for="StateId " asp-items="Model.States" class="form-control" id="state-target"></select>
        <span asp-validation-for="StateId " class="text-danger"></span>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        @*@Html.LabelFor(ct => ct.CityId)
            @Html.DropDownListFor(ct => ct.CityId, new SelectList(Model.Citys, "CityId", "Name"), "", new { @class = "form-control" })
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(ct => ct.CityId)*@

        <label asp-for="CityId"></label>
        <select asp-for="CityId" asp-items="Model.Citys" class="form-control" id="city-target"></select>
        <span asp-validation-for="CityId" class="text-danger"></span>
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(z => z.ZipId)
        @Html.DropDownListFor(z => z.ZipId, new SelectList(Model.Zips, "ZipId", "PostalCode"), "", new { @class = "form-control" })
        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(z => z.ZipId)
    </div>

    <div class="form-group">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
    </div>
}

@section scripts {
    <script src="~/lib/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/js/example.js"></script>,
}

推荐答案

我也遇到类似的情况，但在我的示例中，我有一个Root文件夹，根据我使用的根文件夹，下一个下拉列表将显示相应的子目录. -文件夹.

I had a similar situation but in my example I have a Root folder and depending on which root folder I am using the next drop down list would display the corresponding sub-folders.

不确定是否有纯粹的asp.net解决方案，但是我为此使用了Jquery/Ajax.

Not sure if there is a purly asp.net solution but, I used Jquery/Ajax for this.

您的代码应如下所示:

html列表:

<label asp-for="StateId "></label>
<select asp-for="StateId " asp-items="Model.States" class="form-control" id="state-target"></select>
<span asp-validation-for="StateId " class="text-danger"></span>

<label asp-for="CityId"></label>
<select asp-for="CityId" asp-items="Model.Citys" class="form-control" id="city-target"></select>
<span asp-validation-for="CityId" class="text-danger"></span>

jQuery代码，您将其编写为.js文件，然后使用此语句将其添加到特定视图中.<script src="~/js/example.js"></script>，别忘了您需要在项目中添加一个jQuery库，然后再添加其他任何javascript，而您的example.js将包含:

Jquery code, you write this in .js file and then add it to a specific view with this statement<script src="~/js/example.js"></script>, Don't forget you need to add a jquery library to your project before any other javascript, and your example.js will contain:

$(document).ready(function () {
  $("#state-target").on("change", function () {
    $list = $("#city-target");
    $.ajax({
        url: "/getCities",
        type: "GET",
        data: { id: $("#state-target").val() }, //id of the state which is used to extract cities
        traditional: true,
        success: function (result) {
            $list.empty();
            $.each(result, function (i, item) {
                $list.append('<option value="' + item["CityId"] + '"> ' + item["Name"] + ' </option>');
            });
        },
        error: function () {
            alert("Something went wrong call the police");
        }
    });
  });
});

Ajax请求将在Controller中调用此操作，该Controller将从数据库中检索城市列表(在getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(id)方法中使用return dbContext.CityTable.Where(c => c.StateId == id).ToList()之类的东西)，然后返回Json对象，success函数将创建选项列表并应用它:

The Ajax request will call this action in the Controller which will retrieve a list of cities from the database (using something like return dbContext.CityTable.Where(c => c.StateId == id).ToList() inside a getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(id) method) and then return the Json object, the success function will create a list of options and apply it:

public IActionResult getCities(int id)
{
    var cities = new List<City>();
    cities = getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(id); //call repository
    return Json(citites);
}

在您的ViewModel中，考虑将IEnumerable<State/City/Zip>(IEnumerable<T>)更改为IEnumerable<SelectListItem>.我也可以说您的模型很混乱(但是如果您可以从数据库中获取数据，则可以使列表优先运行)，请考虑稍后进行改进.

In your ViewModel consider changing IEnumerable<State/City/Zip> (IEnumerable<T>) to IEnumerable<SelectListItem>. I can say as well your Model's are messy (but if you can get data the from the database focus on getting the list working 1st), consider improving them later.

修复注释中提到的2个错误:

Fix for 2 errors mentioned in the comments:

public List<City> getCititesFromDatabaseByStateId(int id)
{
    return db.Citys.Where(c => c.StateId == id).ToList();
}

public ActionResult Create()
{
     var states = new SelectList(db.States.ToList(), "StateId", "Abbr");
     var citys = new SelectList(db.Citys.ToList(), "CityId", "Name");
     var zips = new SelectList(db.Zips.ToList(), "ZipId", "Code");

     var viewModel = new CustomerFormVM
     {
         States = states,
         Citys = citys,
         Zips = zips
     };

     return View(viewModel);
}

这篇关于ASP.NET MVC核心级联DropDownList的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！