Python的类的前向声明 [英] Foward declaration of classes in Python
问题描述
以下程序可以成功运行:
The following program can run successfully:
class Simple(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __add__(self, other):
c = Composite()
c._members.append(self)
c._members.append(other)
return c
def __repr__(self):
return "Simple('%s')" % self.name
class Composite(object):
def __init__(self):
self._members = []
def __add__(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, Simple):
out = Composite()
out._members = [k for k in self._members] + [obj]
elif isinstance(obj, Composite):
out = Composite()
out._members = [k for k in self._members + obj._members]
else:
raise TypeError
return out
if __name__ == "__main__":
s1 = Simple('one')
s2 = Simple('two')
s3 = Simple('three')
c1 = s1 + s2
c2 = c1 + s3
print c1._members
print c2._members
# output:
# [Simple('one'), Simple('two')]
# [Simple('one'), Simple('two'), Simple('three')]
我想保留 Simple
, Composite 的定义
和 __ main __
放在三个不同的文件中,但是我不能这样做,因为我无法将 Simple
导入到 composite.py
,我无法将 Composite
导入到 simple.py
。
I would like to keep the definition of Simple
, Composite
, and __main__
in three different files, but I cannot do it because I cannot import Simple
into composite.py
and I cannot import Composite
into simple.py
.
您将如何修改类定义,以便保留单独的文件?
How would you modify the class definition such that you can keep separate files?
谢谢。
PS。我已经阅读了一些与转发声明相关的答案,但找不到针对我特定问题的答案。
PS. I've read several answers related to "forward declaration" but could not find an answer to my specific problem.
推荐答案
在调用这些方法之前,需要使用大量引用,此处可以使用循环导入 。诀窍是使用完全合格的引用。
Since none of the references are needed until the methods are called, circular imports can work here. The trick is to use fully-qualified references.
import composite
class Simple(object):
...
def __add__(self, other):
c = composite.Composite()
c._members.append(self)
c._members.append(other)
return c
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