使用 Powershell 插入 SQL Server 日期 [英] Insert into SQL Server date using Powershell

问题描述

我正在使用 PowerShell 导入 .CSV 文件，我需要将其内容保存到数据库中.

I'm using PowerShell to import a .CSV file and I need to save its contents to a database.

我正在使用下面的代码从 .CSV 文件中提取信息，并将其放入数据库

I'm using the code below to pull information from the .CSV file, and put it into the database

foreach($row in $data) {
    $sql = "INSERT INTO Offerings (RATING, PARVALUE, DESCRIPTION, COUPON, MATURITY, DATEDDATE, CALLDATE, FIRSTCOUPON, CUSIP, PRICEYIELD, COM) VALUES( `
    '$(($row.rating).trim())', `
    '$(($row."PAR VALUE").trim())',`
    '$(($row.DESCRIPTION).trim())', `
    '$(($row.COUPON).trim())', `
    '$(($row.MATURITY))', `
    '$(([datetime]$row."DATED DATE"))', `
    '$(($row."CALL DATE").trim())', `
    '$(($row."FIRST COUPON"))', `
    '$(($row.CUSIP).trim())', `
    '$(($row."PRICE/YIELD").trim())',`
    '$(($row.COM).trim())' `
    )"

    $command.CommandText = $sql
    $command.ExecuteNonQuery() | out-null
}

$row.MATURITY/$row."CALL DATE" 和 $row."FIRST COUPON" 列都是日期 (数据库中的列的类型为 DATE).

The columns $row.MATURITY/$row."CALL DATE" and $row."FIRST COUPON" are all dates (the columns in the database are of type DATE).

但是插入将它作为字符串传递，数据库抱怨它无法将字符串转换为 DATE.如何在 PowerShell 命令中将其作为日期传递，以便正确写入数据库(作为 DATE 类型)?

But the insert is passing it as a string, which the database complains that it can't convert string to DATE. How can I pass it as a date in the PowerShell command so it will write correctly to the database (as DATE type)?

谢谢！

推荐答案

字符串连接是一个非常糟糕的主意.它不仅会打开您的代码进行 SQL 注入，而且非常脆弱.

String concatenation is a very bad idea. It doesn't just open your code to SQL injection, it's extremely fragile.

使用参数化查询.假设您使用的是 SQL Server:

Use a parameterized query. Assuming you're using SQL Server:

$sql = "INSERT INTO Offerings (RATING, PARVALUE, DESCRIPTION, COUPON, MATURITY, DATEDDATE, CALLDATE, FIRSTCOUPON, CUSIP, PRICEYIELD, COM) " +
    "VALUES (@RATING, @PARVALUE, @DESCRIPTION, @COUPON, @MATURITY, @DATEDDATE, @CALLDATE, @FIRSTCOUPON, @CUSIP, @PRICEYIELD, @COM)"

$command.CommandText = $sql

# Add your parameters and define their types to match the types in the Offerings table
# The System.Data.SqlDbType type includes all SQL Server data types
# For data type mapping, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/sql-server-data-type-mappings
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@RATING', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@PARVALUE', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@DESCRIPTION', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@COUPON', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@MATURITY', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::Date)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@DATEDDATE', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::Date)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@CALLDATE', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::Date)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@FIRSTCOUPON', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@CUSIP', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@PRICEYIELD', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
[void]$command.Parameters.Add('@COM', [System.Data.SqlDbType]::NVarChar)
# I've defaulted to NVARCHAR here, but you should use the appropriate column data type

foreach ($row in $data) {
    # Set the values of each parameter
    $command.Parameters['@RATING'].Value      = $row.rating.trim()
    $command.Parameters['@PARVALUE'].Value    = $row."PAR VALUE".trim()
    $command.Parameters['@DESCRIPTION'].Value = $row.DESCRIPTION.trim()
    $command.Parameters['@COUPON'].Value      = $row.COUPON.trim()
    $command.Parameters['@MATURITY'].Value    = [datetime]$row.MATURITY
    $command.Parameters['@DATEDDATE'].Value   = [datetime]$row."DATED DATE"
    $command.Parameters['@CALLDATE'].Value    = [datetime]$row."CALL DATE"
    $command.Parameters['@FIRSTCOUPON'].Value = $row."FIRST COUPON"
    $command.Parameters['@CUSIP'].Value       = $row.CUSIP.trim()
    $command.Parameters['@PRICEYIELD'].Value  = $row."PRICE/YIELD".trim()
    $command.Parameters['@COM'].Value         = $row.COM.trim()

    [void]$command.ExecuteNonQuery()
}

如果您使用的 RDBMS 与 SQL Server 不同，则您的代码可能会略有不同.

Your code may vary slightly if you're using a different RDBMS than SQL Server.

如果您在将 $row 中的字符串转换为日期时间时遇到问题，可以使用 ParseExact 函数:

If you're having trouble converting strings in $row into datetimes, you can use the ParseExact function:

$command.Parameters['@MATURITY'].Value    = [datetime]::ParseExact($row.MATURITY, 'dd.MM.yyyy', [cultureinfo]::InvariantCulture)

或者你可以使用Get-Date

$command.Parameters['@MATURITY'].Value    = Get-Date $row.MATURITY -Format 'dd.MM.yyyy'

参数化查询唯一复杂的部分是，如果你需要在数据库中设置一个值为NULL，那么参数的值需要是[System.DBNull]::Value，不是 $null.

The only complicated part of parameterized queries is that if you need to set a value to NULL in the databse, then the value of the parameter needs to be [System.DBNull]::Value, not $null.

这篇关于使用 Powershell 插入 SQL Server 日期的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！