如何使用 CPack 惯用地打包 QT 应用程序的依赖项? [英] How to idiomatically package dependencies for a QT application using CPack?

问题描述

我有一个简单的 QT 项目.我正在 Linux 上开发.但它最终将部署到 Linux、Mac 和 Windows.

I have a simple QT project. I'm developing on Linux. But it's meant to be deployed to Linux, Mac and Windows ultimately.

我正在尝试将其打包以进行分发.我在定位依赖项并将它们打包并以惯用方式执行此操作时遇到问题(IOW:没有硬编码的 DLL 路径或在我的源代码库中包含 DLL)

I'm attempting to package it for distribution. I'm running into problems locating the dependencies and packaging them up and doing this in an idiomatic way (IOW: No hardcoded paths to DLLs or including the DLLs in my source repo)

对于 Windows 端口，我使用 MinGW 并像这样编译:

For the Windows port, I'm using MinGW and compiling like this:

mingw64-cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../install -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/usr/share/mingw/toolchain-mingw64.cmake
make && ctest && make install && cpack -G "TGZ" && cpack -G "NSIS64"

我已将其设置为生成 tar.gz 文件和 NSIS 安装程序.目前没有特别的理由需要 NSIS 而不是 Wix.这只是为了弄清楚.

I've set it to product a tar.gz file and an NSIS installer. There's no particular reason for NSIS and not Wix at the moment. This is just to figure things out.

它编译 Windows 可执行文件，但不包含运行程序所需的 DLL.就是这些:

It compiles a Windows executable, but it does not include the DLLs necessary to run the program. It's these:

Libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
Qt5Core.dll
Qt5Gui.dll

在我的计算机上快速查找显示这些 DLL 位于此处:

A quick find on my computer shows me that those DLLs are present here:

/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/bin/Qt5Widgets.dll
/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/bin/libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
...

有没有办法自动让 CPack 挖掘 DLL 并将它们包含在安装程序中?

这是我的 CMakeLists.txt 文件:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.11)

project(myapp)

enable_testing()

set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)

find_package(Qt5Core REQUIRED)
find_package(Qt5Gui REQUIRED)
find_package(Qt5Widgets REQUIRED)

add_executable(myapp WIN32 main.cpp mainwindow.cpp resources.qrc)

target_link_libraries(myapp Qt5::Widgets)
target_link_libraries(myapp Qt5::Core)
target_link_libraries(myapp Qt5::Gui)

INSTALL(TARGETS myapp
        BUNDLE DESTINATION .
        RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
        LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
        ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
        )

INSTALL(FILES ${CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS} DESTINATION bin COMPONENT Libraries)     

IF(CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS)
    INSTALL(PROGRAMS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS} DESTINATION bin COMPONENT System)
ENDIF(CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS)

INCLUDE(CPack)

我四处寻找这方面的帮助.我遇到的最好的事情是此链接

I've looked around for some help on this. The best thing I came across was this link

但它看起来并不那么地道.如果我们仔细查看 CMakeLists.txt 文件，它有特定于机器的硬编码路径，将来肯定会改变:

But it's not looking so idiomatic. If we look closer at the CMakeLists.txt file, it's got machine-specific hard coded paths that are certain to change in the future:

IF(    WIN32 AND ${ARCH_32BIT})

    SET(QT_INSTALLED_PATH "C:/QtMSVCX86/Qt5.5.0/5.5/msvc2013" )

ELSEIF(WIN32 AND ${ARCH_64BIT})

    SET(QT_INSTALLED_PATH "C:/QtMSVCX64/Qt5.5.0/5.5/msvc2013_64" )

ELSEIF(UNIX  AND NOT MINGW AND ${ARCH_32BIT})

    SET(QT_INSTALLED_PATH "/opt/Qt5.5.0/5.5/gcc/" )

ELSEIF(UNIX  AND NOT MINGW AND ${ARCH_64BIT})

    SET(QT_INSTALLED_PATH "/opt/Qt5.5.0/5.5/gcc_64/" )

ENDIF()

SET(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
SET(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
SET(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

FIND_PACKAGE(Qt5Widgets PATHS  ${QT_INSTALLED_PATH} NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
FIND_PACKAGE(Qt5Qml     PATHS  ${QT_INSTALLED_PATH} NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
FIND_PACKAGE(Qt5Quick   PATHS  ${QT_INSTALLED_PATH} NO_DEFAULT_PATH)

推荐答案

看看 CMake 的 Bundle Utilities 它包含一个 FIXUP_BUNDLE 宏，用于收集可执行文件的所有必要依赖项，包括 Qt.它在 Windows、Linux 和 Mac 上的工作方式基本相同.您可以首先将 FIXUP_BUNDLE(myapp) 添加到您的 CMake 文件中.实际的依赖解析和复制发生在 CPack 运行期间.根据项目大小和复杂性，需要进行一些调整，但总的来说，我已经看到它成功地用于具有基于 CMake 的构建系统的大型跨平台 Qt 项目

Have a look at CMake's Bundle Utilities It contains a FIXUP_BUNDLE macro which collects all the necessary dependencies of an executable, including Qt. It works basically the same way on Windows, Linux and Mac. You could start by adding FIXUP_BUNDLE(myapp) to your CMake file. the actual dependency resolving and copying happens during the CPack run. Depending on project size and complexity, some tweaks are necessary, but in general I have seen it used successfully in larger cross-platform Qt projects with a CMake based build system

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