使用 .tarignore 文件从 tar 存档中排除目录 [英] Exclude directories from tar archive with a .tarignore file

问题描述

与 .gitignore 类似，是否可以将子目录中的 .tarignore 文件从存档中排除

In a similar way to .gitignore, is it possible to do that a .tarignore file in a subdirectory makes it excluded from archive when doing

tar cfjvh backup.tar.bz2 .

(我知道 tar 的 --exclude 参数，但这里不是我想要的).

(I know the --exclude parameter of tar but here it's not what I want).

推荐答案

使用 --exclude-ignore=.tarignore 选项使 Tar 使用 .tarignore 文件的方式与 git 使用 的方式类似.gitignore 文件.使用与您通常在 .gitignore 文件中使用的语法相同的语法，因此如果您想忽略特定目录中的所有子目录和文件，请添加一个 .gitignore 文件用 * 到那个目录.例如:

Using the --exclude-ignore=.tarignore option causes Tar to use .tarignore files in a similar way that git uses .gitignore files. Use the same syntax as you would usually use in .gitignore files, so if you want to ignore all sub-directories and files in a particular directory, add a .gitignore file with * to that directory. For example:

$ find dir
dir
dir/a
dir/b
dir/c
dir/dir1
dir/dir1/1a
dir/dir1/1b
dir/dir2
dir/dir2/2a
dir/dir2/2b
$ echo "*" > dir/dir1/.tarignore
$ tar -c --exclude-ignore=.tarignore -vjf archive.tar.bz2 dir
dir/
dir/a
dir/b
dir/c
dir/dir1/
dir/dir2/
dir/dir2/2a
dir/dir2/2b

如果您想忽略所有具有空 .tarignore 文件的目录，请查看 --exclude-tag-all=.tarignore 选项.

If you want to ignore all directories that have an empty .tarignore file, take a look at the --exclude-tag-all=.tarignore option.

$ find dir
dir
dir/a
dir/b
dir/c
dir/dir1
dir/dir1/1a
dir/dir1/1b
dir/dir2
dir/dir2/2a
dir/dir2/2b
$ touch dir/dir1/.tarignore
$ tar -c --exclude-tag-all=.tarignore -vjf archive.tar.bz2 dir
tar: dir/dir1/: contains a cache directory tag .tarignore; directory not dumped
dir/
dir/a
dir/b
dir/c
dir/dir2/
dir/dir2/2a
dir/dir2/2b

另请查看 --exclude-tag= 和 --exclude-tag= 选项，它们是行为略有不同的变体.

Also take a look at the --exclude-tag= and --exclude-tag= options, which are variations which have slightly different behaviors.

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