在 Arduino 上执行多个功能/命令 [英] Executing multiple functions/commands on Arduino
问题描述
我正在使用 RFduino 和 iOS 应用程序来控制一些 RGB LED.
I am using an RFduino and an iOS application to control some RGB LEDs.
这是我向模块发送字符串命令的方式:
This is how I'm sending a string command to the module:
- (IBAction)fadeButtonPressed:(id)sender {
[rfduino send:[@"fade" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
}
这些命令在 RFduino 端返回得很好:
These command(s) are coming back just fine on the RFduino side:
void RFduinoBLE_onReceive(char *data, int len) {
if (strncmp(data, "fade", 4) == 0) {
// begin fading chosen LED colour
}
}
是否有更好的方法在 Arduino 上执行多个功能?在我看来，应该有更好的方法来做我想做的事情.
Is there a better way of executing multiple functions on Arduino? It seems to me that there should be a better way of doing what I'm trying to do.
最初例如我遇到了一个问题，其中fade"字符串作为fadek"返回，所以我使用了 strncmp(data, "fade", 4) 而不是 strcmp(数据，淡出")，这解决了这个问题.
Originally for example I was getting an issue where the "fade" string was coming back as "fadek" so I used strncmp(data, "fade", 4) instead of strcmp(data, "fade") and this fixed the issue.
我想我想要一种清理代码的方法，也许可以根据返回的字符串更轻松地引入新功能.
I guess I'd like a way of cleaning up my code and perhaps make it easier to introduce new bits of functionality depending on which strings are coming back.
我希望能够执行的功能是控制 RGB 颜色，然后淡化或闪烁该特定选择的颜色.
The functions I would like to be able to do would be controlling of the RGB colours and then Fading or Blinking that particular chosen colour.
如果我想引入更快的眨眼怎么办?有没有更简洁的方法，而不是设置另一个命令整数并添加另一个条件?
What if I wanted to introduce faster blinking? Rather than setting another command integer and adding another condition is there a cleaner approach?
颜色的选择是通过在我的 iOS 应用程序中选择一个色轮来设置的.这工作正常.问题是闪烁和褪色不会使所选颜色闪烁/淡化(command 0).
The selection of the colours is set by selection of a color wheel within my iOS application. This is working fine. The problem is that the Blinking and Fading does not blink/fade the selected colour (command 0).
这是我到目前为止的整个草图:
Here is my entire sketch so far:
#include <RFduinoBLE.h>
// Pin 2 on the RGB LED.
int rgb2_pin = 2; // red
int rgb3_pin = 3; // green
int rgb4_pin = 4; // blue
int brightness = 0;
int fadeAmount = 5;
// Command properties.
int command = 0;
void setup() {
// debug output at 9600 baud
Serial.begin(9600);
// Setup the LEDs for output.
pinMode(rgb2_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(rgb3_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(rgb4_pin, OUTPUT);
// This is the data we want to appear in the advertisement
// (the deviceName length plus the advertisement length must be <= 18 bytes.
RFduinoBLE.advertisementData = "rgb";
// Start the BLE stack.
RFduinoBLE.begin();
}
void loop() {
if (command == 1) { // Fade in/out chosen colour.
analogWrite(rgb2_pin, brightness);
analogWrite(rgb3_pin, brightness);
analogWrite(rgb4_pin, brightness);
// Change the brightness for next time through the loop:
brightness = brightness + fadeAmount;
// Reverse the direction of the fading at the ends of the fade:
if (brightness == 0 || brightness == 255) {
fadeAmount = -fadeAmount ;
}
// Wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect
delay(30);
} else if (command == 2) { // Blink
digitalWrite(rgb2_pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(rgb3_pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(rgb4_pin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(rgb2_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(rgb3_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(rgb4_pin, LOW);
delay(200);
}
}
void RFduinoBLE_onConnect() {}
void RFduinoBLE_onDisconnect() {}
void RFduinoBLE_onReceive(char *data, int len) {
Serial.println(data);
// Each transmission should contain an RGB triple.
if (strncmp(data, "fade", 4) == 0) {
command = 1;
} else if (strncmp(data, "blink", 5) == 0) {
command = 2;
} else { // Change colour.
// Reset other functions.
command = 0;
if (len >= 3) {
// Get the RGB values.
uint8_t red = data[0];
uint8_t green = data[1];
uint8_t blue = data[2];
// Set PWM for each LED.
analogWrite(rgb2_pin, red);
analogWrite(rgb3_pin, green);
analogWrite(rgb4_pin, blue);
}
}
Serial.println(command);
}
推荐答案
我处理此类通信的方法是定义一个包含开始和停止字符(例如 0x01 和 0x03)的协议，然后构建一个状态机来处理每个传入字节.
My approach to these sort of communications is to define a protocol that includes start and stop characters (say 0x01 and 0x03) and then build a state machine that processes each incoming byte.
这样做的原因是它有助于纠正无序字节和通信错误.您可以忽略数据，直到获得 0x01，并且在获得 0x03 之前命令不会结束.如果您在预期之前得到 0x03，那么您可以丢弃无效数据包.
The reason for this is it helps correct for out-of-sequence bytes and communication errors. You can ignore data until you get a 0x01 and the command doesn't end until you get a 0x03. If you get a 0x03 before you expect it then you can discard the invalid packet.
您当前的方法和此技术存在的一个问题是您正在为 RGB 命令发送 8 位数据 - 这可能与您的开始/结束字节冲突.将您的数据编码为 2 位十六进制不会有太大影响，因此您可以拥有一个类似于
One issue you have with your current approach and this technique is that you are sending 8 bit data for the RGB command - this can conflict with your start/end bytes. It won't have much impact to encode your data as 2 digit hex, so you can have a protocol which looks something like
- 0x01 - 数据包开始
- 1 字节命令 b=Blink, f=Fade, c=set color
- 6 字节参数.对于命令 c，这将是 rgb 的三对十六进制字符.对于 b &f 可以是 2 个字符的闪烁/淡入淡出率，其他 4 个字节为占位符 0000
- 0x03 - 数据包结束
然后就可以构建状态机了-
Then you can build a state machine -
- 等待 0x01.一旦你得到它移动到状态 2
- 正在等待有效的命令字节.如果你得到一个有效的移动到状态 3.如果你得到 0x01 回到状态 2.如果你得到任何其他字节移动到状态 1
- 等待 6 个十六进制数字.如果你得到 0x01保持状态 2.如果你得到除 0-9 a-f 以外的任何动作回到状态 1
- 等待 0x03.如果你得到它然后处理完成命令并返回状态 1.如果你得到 0x01 移回到状态 2.如果你得到任何其他东西，请转到状态 1
这不会编译，因为我面前没有 Arduino，但你会使用这样的东西
This won't compile as I don't have an Arduino in front of me, but you would use something like this
int state; // Initialise this to 1
char command;
string hexstring;
void RFduinoBLE_onReceive(char *data, int len) {
for (int i=0;i<len;i++) {
stateMachine(data[i]);
}
}
stateMachine(char data) {
switch (state) {
case 1:
if (data == 1) {
state=2;
}
break;
case 2:
if (data=='b' || data== 'f' || data == 'c') { // If we received a valid command
command=data; // store it
hexstring=""; // prepare to receive a hex string
state=3;
} else if (data != 1) { //Stay in state 2 if we received another 0x01
state =1;
}
break;
case 3:
if ((data >='a' && data <='z') || (data >='0' && data <='9')) {
hexstring=hexstring+data; // if we received a valid hex byte, add it to the end of the string
if (length(hexstring) == 6) { // If we have received 6 characters (24 bits) move to state 4
state=4;
}
} else if (data == 1) { // If we received another 0x01 back to state 2
state =2;
} else {
state=1; // Anything else is invalid - back to look for 0x01
}
break;
case 4:
if (data == 3) // 0x03=valid terminator
{
processCommand(command,hexstring); // We have a valid command message - process it
state=1;
} else if (data==1) { // 0x01= start of new message, back to state 2
state=2;
} else {
state=1; // anything else, back to look for 0x01
}
break;
}
}
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