如何使用 .NET Core 从控制台应用程序中的 appsettings.json 获取值? [英] How to get values from appsettings.json in a console application using .NET Core?

问题描述

我正在使用 .NET Core 3.1 创建一个控制台应用程序，我想要一个 appsettings json 来加载所有environment、paths、variables、...在执行开始时，然后从其他库类中获取值.我已经使用 appsettings json 中包含的数据创建了一个设置"类.这是我在教程中已经看到的，但我无法获得任何价值.

i'm creating a console application using .NET Core 3.1 and i would like to have an appsettings json to load all environment, paths, variables,... at the beginning of the execution, and then get values from other library classes. I have created a 'Settings' class with the data included in the appsettings json. This is what i have already by looking out in tutorials but i'm not able to get any value.

//Start.cs
public class Startup
{
        public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
                .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
                .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
                .AddEnvironmentVariables();

            Configuration = builder.Build();
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }
}

//Settings.cs
 public class Settings
    {
        public ConnectionStrings ConnectionStrings { get; set; }
        public Logging Logging { get; set; }
        public AppSettings AppSettings { get; set; }
    ...

//A class to use it in other lib
 public class Extractor
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

        public Extractor(IConfiguration configuration) : this()
        {
            _configuration = configuration;
            Init();
        }

        public void Init()
        {
            // Extractor:Min is a variable included in appsettings.json
            Min = _configuration.GetValue<int>("Extractor:Min")
                                  
        }

我无法制作正确的 Main 因为我不知道如何初始化所有内容...我错过了什么?我想我一直在绕圈子做这么简单的事情.提前致谢！注意:我需要从另一个库类中获取这些变量，而不是在 Main 中.我不知道如何在其他类中初始化配置"以使用它.谢谢

I cannot make a proper Main as i don't know how to initialize everything...what am i missing? I think i've been going in circles for something that easy. Thanks in advance! NOTE: i need to get those variables from another library class, not in Main. I don't know how to initialize 'configuration' in other classes in order to use it. Thanks

推荐答案

您的示例混合了一些希望托管您的代码的 ASP NET Core 方法.要最低限度地解决从 JSON 配置获取选项或设置的问题，请考虑以下事项:

Your example is mixing in some ASP NET Core approaches that expect your code to be hosted. To minimally solve the issue of getting options or settings from a JSON configuration, consider the following:

一个 config.json 文件，设置为复制到输出目录"；以便它包含在构建中:

A config.json file, set to "Copy to Output Directory" so that it is included with the build:

{
  "MyFirstClass": {
    "Option1": "some string value",
    "Option2": 42
  },
  "MySecondClass": {
    "SettingOne": "some string value",
    "SettingTwo": 42
  }
}

以下方法将从 JSON 文件加载内容，然后将内容绑定到两个强类型选项/设置类，这比逐个值要干净得多:

The following approach will load the content from the JSON file, then bind the content to two strongly-typed options/settings classes, which can be a lot cleaner than going value-by-value:

using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

// NuGet packages:
// Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder
// Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json

namespace SampleConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
                .AddJsonFile("config.json", optional: false);

            IConfiguration config = builder.Build();

            var myFirstClass = config.GetSection("MyFirstClass").Get<MyFirstClass>();
            var mySecondClass = config.GetSection("MySecondClass").Get<MySecondClass>();
            Console.WriteLine($"The answer is always {myFirstClass.Option2}");
        }
    }

    public class MyFirstClass
    {
        public string Option1 { get; set; }
        public int Option2 { get; set; }
    }

    public class MySecondClass
    {
        public string SettingOne { get; set; }
        public int SettingTwo { get; set; }
    }
}

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