如何绘制 3D 图形以表示空间中的对象 [英] How to plot a 3D Graph to represent an object in space
本文介绍了如何绘制 3D 图形以表示空间中的对象的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我有一个在空间中输出 x,y,z 位置的机器人.我的问题是我只能使用图表在 windows 窗体中找到 2D 图.
我想在 3D 空间中绘制我的机器人.我可以使用任何工具??
类似的东西:
我需要一个免费的软件解决方案
我的二维图形atm:
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Minimum = 0;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Maximum = 12;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Interval = 1;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Minimum = 0;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Maximum = 7;chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Interval = 1;//例子posicao_atual_master.X = 10;posicao_atual_master.Y = 5;chart1.Series[0].Points.Clear();chart1.Series[0].Points.AddXY(posicao_atual_master.X, posicao_atual_master.Y);设计师:
//chart1//chartArea1.AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;chartArea1.AxisX.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;chartArea1.AxisY.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;chartArea1.AxisY.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;chartArea1.Name = "ChartArea1";chartArea1.Position.Auto = false;chartArea1.Position.Height = 100F;chartArea1.Position.Width = 90F;this.chart1.ChartAreas.Add(chartArea1);Legend1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;Legend1.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;Legend1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 4F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Millimeter, ((byte)(1)), true);Legend1.IsTextAutoFit = false;Legend1.Name = "legen";Legend1.TableStyle = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.LegendTableStyle.Tall;this.chart1.Legends.Add(legend1);this.chart1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(543, 49);this.chart1.Name = "chart1";series1.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";series1.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;series1.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;series1.Legend = "legen";series1.MarkerBorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;series1.MarkerImage = "C:\Users\Tiago\Desktop\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\C# - AR.Drone SDK\AR.Dron" +"e\icone_drone_verde.png";series1.MarkerImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;series1.Name = "大师";series2.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";series2.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;series2.Legend = "legen";series2.MarkerImage = "C:\Users\Tiago\Desktop\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\Fotos dos Relatórios\icon" +"e_drone_vermelho.png";series2.Name = "奴隶";this.chart1.Series.Add(series1);this.chart1.Series.Add(series2);this.chart1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1159, 359);this.chart1.TabIndex = 7;this.chart1.Text = "chart1";this.chart1.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseDown);this.chart1.MouseMove += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseMove);this.chart1.MouseUp += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseUp);首先我们准备图表.很多细节满足您的需求；
void prepare3dChart(Chart chart, ChartArea ca){ca.Area3DStyle.Enable3D = true;//将图表区域设置为 3D！ca.AxisX.Minimum = -250;ca.AxisY.Minimum = -250;ca.AxisX.Maximum = 250;ca.AxisY.Maximum = 250;ca.AxisX.Interval = 50;ca.AxisY.Interval = 50;ca.AxisX.Title = "X-Achse";ca.AxisY.Title = "Y-Achse";ca.AxisX.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;ca.AxisY.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;//我们添加两个系列:chart.Series.Clear();for (int i = 0; i <2; i++){系列 s = chart.Series.Add("S" + i.ToString("00"));s.ChartType = SeriesChartType.Bubble;//这个 ChartType 有一个 YValue 数组s.MarkerStyle = MarkerStyle.Circle;s["PixelPointWidth"] = "100";s["PixelPointGapDepth"] = "1";}chart.ApplyPaletteColors();添加测试数据(图表)；}这里我们添加一些测试数据:
void addTestData(Chart chart){随机 rnd = 新随机(9)；for (int i = 0; i <100; i++){double x = Math.Cos(i/10f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);double y = Math.Sin(i/11f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);double z = Math.Sqrt(i*2f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);AddXY3d( chart.Series[0], x, y, z);AddXY3d( chart.Series[1], x-111, y-222, z);}}DataPoints 与此例程一起添加:
int AddXY3d(Series s, double xVal, double yVal, double zVal){int p = s.Points.AddXY(xVal, yVal, zVal);//DataPoint 对常规图表绘制是透明的:s.Points[p].Color = Color.Transparent;返回 p;}如果这个 Paint 事件，我们会按照我们喜欢的方式绘制数据.这是线或点:
private void chart1_PostPaint(object sender, ChartPaintEventArgs e){图表图表 = 发件人为图表；if (chart .Series.Count <1) return;if (chart .Series[0].Points.Count <1) return;ChartArea ca = 图表.ChartAreas[0];e.ChartGraphics.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;列表<列表<PointF>>data = new List>();foreach(图表中的系列 .Series)data.Add(GetPointsFrom3D(ca, s, s.Points.ToList(), e.ChartGraphics));渲染线(数据，e.ChartGraphics.Graphics，图表，真)；//选一个！渲染点(数据，e.ChartGraphics.Graphics，图表，6)；//选一个！} 坐标是使用轴方法计算的:
ListGetPointsFrom3D(ChartArea ca, Series s,列表<数据点>dPoints, ChartGraphics cg){var p3t = dPoints.Select(x => new Point3D((float)ca.AxisX.ValueToPosition(x.XValue),(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[0]),(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[1]))).ToArray();ca.TransformPoints(p3t.ToArray());返回 p3t.Select(x => cg.GetAbsolutePoint(new PointF(x.X, x.Y))).ToList();} 实际绘图发生在这些例程中；一个在其他点上画线:
void renderLines(List> 数据、图形图形、图表图表、布尔曲线){for (int i = 0; i 1)使用 (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.FromArgb(64, chart.Series[i].Color), 2.5f))if (曲线) graphics.DrawCurve(pen, data[i].ToArray());else graphics.DrawLines(pen, data[i].ToArray());}}void renderPoints(List<List<PointF>>数据、图形图形、图表图表、浮动宽度){for (int s = 0; s 也可以对其他绘图例程(如网格或区域)进行编码.只需使用用户 GDI+ 方法(如 DrawCurve 或 FillPolygon 或什至 DrawImage)添加新例程.
您可以为不同的视图设置 ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Rotation 和 ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Inclination，如动画所示.
编辑我已经更新了 PostPaint 方法来最小化依赖.
I have a robot that outputs x,y,z position in space. My problem is that I can only find 2D plot in windows forms using chart.
I want to plot my robot in 3D space. Any tools I can use??
Something similar to this:
I need a free software solution for this
EDIT:
My 2D graph atm:
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Maximum = 12;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Interval = 1;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Minimum = 0;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Maximum = 7;
chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Interval = 1;
//example
posicao_atual_master.X = 10;
posicao_atual_master.Y = 5;
chart1.Series[0].Points.Clear();
chart1.Series[0].Points.AddXY(posicao_atual_master.X, posicao_atual_master.Y);
DESIGNER:
// chart1
//
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisX.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorGrid.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.AxisY.MajorTickMark.Enabled = false;
chartArea1.Name = "ChartArea1";
chartArea1.Position.Auto = false;
chartArea1.Position.Height = 100F;
chartArea1.Position.Width = 90F;
this.chart1.ChartAreas.Add(chartArea1);
legend1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
legend1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 4F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Millimeter, ((byte)(1)), true);
legend1.IsTextAutoFit = false;
legend1.Name = "legen";
legend1.TableStyle = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.LegendTableStyle.Tall;
this.chart1.Legends.Add(legend1);
this.chart1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(543, 49);
this.chart1.Name = "chart1";
series1.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";
series1.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series1.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
series1.Legend = "legen";
series1.MarkerBorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
series1.MarkerImage = "C:\Users\Tiago\Desktop\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\C# - AR.Drone SDK\AR.Dron" +
"e\icone_drone_verde.png";
series1.MarkerImageTransparentColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
series1.Name = "Master";
series2.ChartArea = "ChartArea1";
series2.ChartType = System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType.Point;
series2.Legend = "legen";
series2.MarkerImage = "C:\Users\Tiago\Desktop\CODIGO_TESE_FINAL_BACKUP1408_BOM\Fotos dos Relatórios\icon" +
"e_drone_vermelho.png";
series2.Name = "Slave";
this.chart1.Series.Add(series1);
this.chart1.Series.Add(series2);
this.chart1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1159, 359);
this.chart1.TabIndex = 7;
this.chart1.Text = "chart1";
this.chart1.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseDown);
this.chart1.MouseMove += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseMove);
this.chart1.MouseUp += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.chart1_MouseUp);
EDIT: IMAGE
解决方案
You are correct, there is no proper way to use a real z-axis in the Chart control.
It does have a 3D style though, which can be used for a reasonably nice ChartArea.
You will have to do the painting of the graph in code though, as the built-in z-axis only support as many, or rather as few discret values as you have Series in the chart.
This is ok for some things, like a color cube, but when you need arbitryry data values it just won't do.
Instead you can do this:
- Store the z-value of each DataPoint along with the Y-value in the YValues array.
- For this you need a ChartType that supports several YValues
- Code one of the xxxPaint events to draw the graphics
- For this you need a conversion from values to pixels
First we prepare the chart. Many details are up to your needs;
void prepare3dChart(Chart chart, ChartArea ca)
{
ca.Area3DStyle.Enable3D = true; // set the chartarea to 3D!
ca.AxisX.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisY.Minimum = -250;
ca.AxisX.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisY.Maximum = 250;
ca.AxisX.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.Title = "X-Achse";
ca.AxisY.Title = "Y-Achse";
ca.AxisX.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisY.MajorGrid.Interval = 250;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Enabled = true;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.Interval = 50;
ca.AxisX.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
ca.AxisY.MinorGrid.LineColor = Color.LightSlateGray;
// we add two series:
chart.Series.Clear();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
Series s = chart.Series.Add("S" + i.ToString("00"));
s.ChartType = SeriesChartType.Bubble; // this ChartType has a YValue array
s.MarkerStyle = MarkerStyle.Circle;
s["PixelPointWidth"] = "100";
s["PixelPointGapDepth"] = "1";
}
chart.ApplyPaletteColors();
addTestData(chart);
}
Here we add some test data:
void addTestData(Chart chart)
{
Random rnd = new Random(9);
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
double x = Math.Cos(i/10f )*88 + rnd.Next(5);
double y = Math.Sin(i/11f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);
double z = Math.Sqrt(i*2f)*88 + rnd.Next(5);
AddXY3d( chart.Series[0], x, y, z);
AddXY3d( chart.Series[1], x-111, y-222, z);
}
}
The DataPoints are added with this routine:
int AddXY3d(Series s, double xVal, double yVal, double zVal)
{
int p = s.Points.AddXY(xVal, yVal, zVal);
// the DataPoint are transparent to the regular chart drawing:
s.Points[p].Color = Color.Transparent;
return p;
}
If this Paint event we draw the data as we like it. Here are either Lines or Points:
private void chart1_PostPaint(object sender, ChartPaintEventArgs e)
{
Chart chart = sender as Chart;
if (chart .Series.Count < 1) return;
if (chart .Series[0].Points.Count < 1) return;
ChartArea ca = chart .ChartAreas[0];
e.ChartGraphics.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
List<List<PointF>> data = new List<List<PointF>>();
foreach (Series s in chart .Series)
data.Add(GetPointsFrom3D(ca, s, s.Points.ToList(), e.ChartGraphics));
renderLines(data, e.ChartGraphics.Graphics, chart , true); // pick one!
renderPoints(data, e.ChartGraphics.Graphics, chart , 6); // pick one!
}
The coodinates are calculated using axis methods:
List<PointF> GetPointsFrom3D(ChartArea ca, Series s,
List<DataPoint> dPoints, ChartGraphics cg)
{
var p3t = dPoints.Select(x => new Point3D((float)ca.AxisX.ValueToPosition(x.XValue),
(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[0]),
(float)ca.AxisY.ValueToPosition(x.YValues[1]))).ToArray();
ca.TransformPoints(p3t.ToArray());
return p3t.Select(x => cg.GetAbsolutePoint(new PointF(x.X, x.Y))).ToList();
}
The actual drawing happens in these routines; one draws lines the other dots:
void renderLines(List<List<PointF>> data, Graphics graphics, Chart chart, bool curves)
{
for (int i = 0; i < chart.Series.Count; i++)
{
if (data[i].Count > 1)
using (Pen pen = new Pen(Color.FromArgb(64, chart.Series[i].Color), 2.5f))
if (curves) graphics.DrawCurve(pen, data[i].ToArray());
else graphics.DrawLines(pen, data[i].ToArray());
}
}
void renderPoints(List<List<PointF>> data, Graphics graphics, Chart chart, float width)
{
for (int s = 0; s < chart.Series.Count; s++)
{
Series S = chart.Series[s];
for (int p = 0; p < S.Points.Count; p++)
using (SolidBrush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(64, S.Color)))
graphics.FillEllipse(brush, data[s][p].X-width/2,
data[s][p].Y-width/2,width, width);
}
}
Other drawing routines like meshes or areas can be coded just as well.. Simply add new routines using user GDI+ methods like DrawCurve or FillPolygon or maybe even DrawImage..
You can set the ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Rotation and the ChartArea.Area3DStyle.Inclination for different views, as can be seen in the animation.
Edit I have update the PostPaint method to minimze dependencies.
这篇关于如何绘制 3D 图形以表示空间中的对象的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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