如何修复“标题已发送"PHP中的错误 [英] How to fix "Headers already sent" error in PHP

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本文介绍了如何修复“标题已发送"PHP中的错误的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

在运行我的脚本时，我收到了几个这样的错误:

<块引用>

警告:无法修改标头信息 - 标头已由 /some/file.php 中的(输出开始于/some/file.php:12)发送强>第 23 行

错误消息中提到的行包含 ),检查 BOM 是否存在的另一种选择是使用 hexeditor.在 *nix 系统上，或 recode).对于 PHP，特别是 phptags 标签更整洁.它将关闭和打开标签重写为长短形式，但也很容易修复了前导和尾随空格、Unicode 和 UTF-x BOM 问题:

phptags --whitespace *.php

在整个包含或项目目录中使用是安全的.

`?>`

后的空格

如果在后面提到了错误源关闭?>那么这是写出一些空白或原始文本的地方.此时 PHP 结束标记不会终止脚本执行.之后的任何文本/空格字符都将作为页面内容写出仍然.

通常建议，特别是对于新手，尾随 ?> PHP应该省略关闭标签.这避免了这些案例中的一小部分.(通常 include()d 脚本是罪魁祸首.)

提到的错误源为第 0 行未知"

如果没有错误源，通常是 PHP 扩展或 php.ini 设置具体化了.

偶尔是 gzip 流编码设置或ob_gzhandler.
但它也可以是任何双重加载的 extension= 模块生成隐式 PHP 启动/警告消息.

之前的错误消息

如果另一个 PHP 语句或表达式导致警告消息或通知被打印出来，这也算作过早输出.

在这种情况下，您需要避开错误，延迟语句执行，或使用例如抑制消息isset() 或 @() -当两者都不会妨碍以后的调试时.

没有错误信息

如果您根据 php.ini 禁用了 error_reporting 或 display_errors，那么不会出现警告.但是忽略错误不会使问题解决离开.过早输出后仍然无法发送Header.

因此，当 header("Location: ...") 重定向以静默方式失败时，这是非常建议探测警告.使用两个简单的命令重新启用它们在调用脚本之上:

error_reporting(E_ALL);ini_set(display_errors", 1);

或者 set_error_handler("var_dump"); 如果其他方法都失败了.

说到重定向头，你应该经常使用这样的习惯用法这是最终代码路径:

exit(header("Location:/finished.html"));

最好是一个实用函数，它打印用户消息在 header() 失败的情况下.

输出缓冲作为一种解决方法

PHP 输出缓冲是缓解此问题的解决方法.它通常工作可靠，但不应该替代适当的应用程序结构并将输出与控制分离逻辑.它的实际目的是尽量减少到网络服务器的分块传输.

output_buffering=尽管如此，设置还是有帮助的.在 php.ini 中进行配置或通过 .htaccess甚至 .user.ini 上现代 FPM/FastCGI 设置.
启用它将允许 PHP 缓冲输出而不是立即将其传递到网络服务器.PHP 因此可以聚合 HTTP 标头.
它同样可以调用ob_start();在调用脚本之上.然而，由于多种原因，它不太可靠:
- 即使 开始第一个脚本，空格或BOM 之前可能会被打乱，渲染它无效.
- 它可以隐藏 HTML 输出的空格.但是一旦应用程序逻辑尝试发送二进制内容(例如生成的图像)，缓冲的无关输出成为一个问题.(需要 ob_clean()作为进一步的解决方法.)
- 缓冲区大小有限，如果保留默认值，很容易溢出.这也不是罕见的情况，难以追踪当它发生时.

因此两种方法都可能变得不可靠 - 特别是在两者之间切换时开发设置和/或生产服务器.这就是为什么输出缓冲是被广泛认为只是一个拐杖/严格来说是一种解决方法.

另见基本用法示例在手册中，以及更多的利弊:

`但它在另一台服务器上工作！?`

如果您之前没有收到标题警告，那么输出缓冲php.ini 设置已经改变.它可能未在当前/新服务器上配置.

`检查 headers_sent()`

您始终可以使用 headers_sent() 来探测是否仍然可以...发送标头.这对有条件地打印很有用信息或应用其他回退逻辑.

if (headers_sent()) {die("重定向失败.请点击此链接:<a href=...>");}别的{退出(标题(位置:/user.php"))；}

有用的后备解决方法是:

HTML 标签
如果您的应用程序在结构上难以修复，那么一个简单的(但有点不专业)允许重定向的方法是注入 HTML 标签.可以通过以下方式实现重定向:
```
 
```
或短暂延迟:
```
 
```
当在部分之后使用时，这会导致无效的 HTML.大多数浏览器仍然接受它.
JavaScript 重定向
作为替代，JavaScript 重定向可用于页面重定向:
```
 <脚本>location.replace(target.html");
```
虽然这通常比 <meta> 解决方法更符合 HTML，它导致对支持 JavaScript 的客户端的依赖.

然而，当真正的 HTTP header() 时，这两种方法都可以接受调用失败.理想情况下，您总是将此与用户友好的消息结合起来，并且可点击链接作为最后的手段.(例如，http_redirect()PECL 扩展可以.)

`为什么setcookie() 和 session_start() 也会受到影响`

setcookie() 和 session_start() 都需要发送一个 Set-Cookie: HTTP 头.因此适用相同的条件，并且将生成类似的错误消息用于过早的输出情况.

(当然，它们还受到浏览器中禁用的 cookie 的影响甚至代理问题.会话功能显然也依赖于免费磁盘空间和其他php.ini设置等)

`更多链接`

Google 提供了一个类似讨论的冗长列表.
当然，许多特定情况也已在 Stack Overflow 上进行了介绍.
WordPress 常见问题解答解释了如何解决标题已发送警告问题?一种通用的方式.
Adobe 社区:PHP 开发:为什么重定向不起作用(标头已发送)
Nucleus 常见问题解答:什么是页面标题已发送"?是什么意思?
更详尽的解释之一是HTTP 标头和 PHP header() 函数 - NicholasSolutions 的教程(互联网档案链接).它详细介绍了 HTTP，并提供了一些重写脚本的指南.

When running my script, I am getting several errors like this:

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /some/file.php:12) in /some/file.php on line 23

The lines mentioned in the error messages contain header() and setcookie() calls.



What could be the reason for this? And how to fix it?
 解决方案 
No output before sending headers!
Functions that send/modify HTTP headers must be invoked before any output is made.
summary ⇊
Otherwise the call fails:

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent (output started at script:line)
Some functions modifying the HTTP header are:

header / header_remove
session_start / session_regenerate_id
setcookie / setrawcookie

Output can be:

Unintentional:

Whitespace before <?php or after ?>
The UTF-8 Byte Order Mark specifically
Previous error messages or notices





Intentional:

print, echo and other functions producing output
Raw <html> sections prior <?php code.



Why does it happen?
To understand why headers must be sent before output it's necessary
to look at a typical HTTP
response. PHP scripts mainly generate HTML content, but also pass a
set of HTTP/CGI headers to the webserver:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Powered-By: PHP/5.3.7
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8

<html><head><title>PHP page output page</title></head>
<body><h1>Content</h1> <p>Some more output follows...</p>
and <a href="/"> <img src=internal-icon-delayed> </a>
The page/output always follows the headers. PHP has to pass the
headers to the webserver first. It can only do that once.
After the double linebreak it can nevermore amend them.
When PHP receives the first output (print, echo, <html>) it will
flush all collected headers. Afterward it can send all the output
it wants. But sending further HTTP headers is impossible then.
How can you find out where the premature output occurred?
The header() warning contains all relevant information to
locate the problem cause:

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by
(output started at /www/usr2345/htdocs/auth.php:52) in
/www/usr2345/htdocs/index.php on line 100
Here "line 100" refers to the script where the header() invocation failed.
The "output started at" note within the parenthesis is more significant.
It denominates the source of previous output. In this example, it's auth.php
and line 52. That's where you had to look for premature output.
Typical causes:

Print, echo
Intentional output from print and echo statements will terminate the opportunity to send HTTP headers. The application flow must be restructured to avoid that. Use functions
and templating schemes. Ensure header() calls occur before messages
are written out.
Functions that produce output include

print, echo, printf, vprintf
trigger_error, ob_flush, ob_end_flush, var_dump, print_r
readfile, passthru, flush, imagepng, imagejpeg


 among others and user-defined functions.

Raw HTML areas
Unparsed HTML sections in a .php file are direct output as well.
Script conditions that will trigger a header() call must be noted
before any raw <html> blocks.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<?php
    // Too late for headers already.
Use a templating scheme to separate processing from output logic.

Place form processing code atop scripts.
Use temporary string variables to defer messages.
The actual output logic and intermixed HTML output should follow last.





Whitespace before <?php for "script.php line 1" warnings
If the warning refers to output inline 1, then it's mostly
leading whitespace, text or HTML before the opening <?php token.
 <?php
# There's a SINGLE space/newline before <? - Which already seals it.
Similarly it can occur for appended scripts or script sections:
?>

<?php
PHP actually eats up a single linebreak after close tags. But it won't
compensate multiple newlines or tabs or spaces shifted into such gaps.

UTF-8 BOM
Linebreaks and spaces alone can be a problem. But there are also "invisible"
character sequences that can cause this. Most famously the
UTF-8 BOM (Byte-Order-Mark)
which isn't displayed by most text editors. It's the byte sequence EF BB BF, which is optional and redundant for UTF-8 encoded documents. PHP however has to treat it as raw output. It may show up as the characters ï»¿ in the output (if the client interprets the document as Latin-1) or similar "garbage".
In particular graphical editors and Java-based IDEs are oblivious to its
presence. They don't visualize it (obliged by the Unicode standard).
Most programmer and console editors however do:

There it's easy to recognize the problem early on. Other editors may identify
its presence in a file/settings menu (Notepad++ on Windows can identify and
remedy the problem),
Another option to inspect the BOMs presence is resorting to an hexeditor.
On *nix systems hexdump is usually available,
if not a graphical variant which simplifies auditing these and other issues:

An easy fix is to set the text editor to save files as "UTF-8 (no BOM)"
or similar to such nomenclature. Often newcomers otherwise resort to creating new files and just copy&pasting the previous code back in.
Correction utilities 
There are also automated tools to examine and rewrite text files
(sed/awk or recode).
For PHP specifically there's the phptags tag tidier.
It rewrites close and open tags into long and short forms, but also easily
fixes leading and trailing whitespace, Unicode and UTF-x BOM issues:
phptags  --whitespace  *.php
It's safe to use on a whole include or project directory.

Whitespace after ?>
If the error source is mentioned as behind the
closing ?>
then this is where some whitespace or the raw text got written out.
The PHP end marker does not terminate script execution at this point. Any text/space characters after it will be written out as page content
still.
It's commonly advised, in particular to newcomers, that trailing ?> PHP
close tags should be omitted. This eschews a small portion of these cases.
(Quite commonly include()d scripts are the culprit.)

Error source mentioned as "Unknown on line 0"
It's typically a PHP extension or php.ini setting if no error source
is concretized.

It's occasionally the gzip stream encoding setting
or the ob_gzhandler.
But it could also be any doubly loaded extension= module
generating an implicit PHP startup/warning message.





Preceding error messages
If another PHP statement or expression causes a warning message or
notice being printed out, that also counts as premature output.
In this case you need to eschew the error,
delay the statement execution, or suppress the message with e.g.
isset() or @() -
when either doesn't obstruct debugging later on.


No error message
If you have error_reporting or display_errors disabled per php.ini,
then no warning will show up. But ignoring errors won't make the problem go
away. Headers still can't be sent after premature output.
So when header("Location: ...") redirects silently fail it's very
advisable to probe for warnings. Reenable them with two simple commands
atop the invocation script:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set("display_errors", 1);
Or set_error_handler("var_dump"); if all else fails.
Speaking of redirect headers, you should often use an idiom like
this for final code paths:
exit(header("Location: /finished.html"));
Preferably even a utility function, which prints a user message
in case of header() failures.
Output buffering as a workaround
PHPs output buffering
is a workaround to alleviate this issue. It often works reliably, but shouldn't
substitute for proper application structuring and separating output from control
logic. Its actual purpose is minimizing chunked transfers to the webserver.

The output_buffering=
setting nevertheless can help.
Configure it in the php.ini
or via .htaccess
or even .user.ini on
modern FPM/FastCGI setups.

Enabling it will allow PHP to buffer output instead of passing it to the webserver instantly. PHP thus can aggregate HTTP headers.

It can likewise be engaged with a call to ob_start();
atop the invocation script. Which however is less reliable for multiple reasons:

Even if <?php ob_start(); ?> starts the first script, whitespace or a
BOM might get shuffled before, rendering it ineffective.

It can conceal whitespace for HTML output. But as soon as the application logic attempts to send binary content (a generated image for example),
the buffered extraneous output becomes a problem. (Necessitating ob_clean()
as a further workaround.)

The buffer is limited in size, and can easily overrun when left to defaults.
And that's not a rare occurrence either, difficult to track down
when it happens.



Both approaches therefore may become unreliable - in particular when switching between
development setups and/or production servers. This is why output buffering is
widely considered just a crutch / strictly a workaround.
See also the basic usage example
in the manual, and for more pros and cons:

What is output buffering?
Why use output buffering in PHP?
Is using output buffering considered a bad practice?
Use case for output buffering as the correct solution to "headers already sent"

But it worked on the other server!?
If you didn't get the headers warning before, then the output buffering
php.ini setting
has changed. It's likely unconfigured on the current/new server.
Checking with headers_sent()
You can always use headers_sent() to probe if
it's still possible to... send headers. Which is useful to conditionally print
info or apply other fallback logic.
if (headers_sent()) {
    die("Redirect failed. Please click on this link: <a href=...>");
}
else{
    exit(header("Location: /user.php"));
}
Useful fallback workarounds are:

HTML <meta> tag
If your application is structurally hard to fix, then an easy (but
somewhat unprofessional) way to allow redirects is injecting a HTML
<meta> tag. A redirect can be achieved with:
 <meta http-equiv="Location" content="http://example.com/">
Or with a short delay:
 <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="2; url=../target.html">
This leads to non-valid HTML when utilized past the <head> section.
Most browsers still accept it.

JavaScript redirect
As alternative a JavaScript redirect
can be used for page redirects:
 <script> location.replace("target.html"); </script>
While this is often more HTML compliant than the <meta> workaround,
it incurs a reliance on JavaScript-capable clients.


Both approaches however make acceptable fallbacks when genuine HTTP header()
calls fail. Ideally you'd always combine this with a user-friendly message and
clickable link as last resort. (Which for instance is what the http_redirect()
PECL extension does.)
Why setcookie() and session_start() are also affected
Both setcookie() and session_start() need to send a Set-Cookie: HTTP header.
The same conditions therefore apply, and similar error messages will be generated
for premature output situations.
(Of course, they're furthermore affected by disabled cookies in the browser
or even proxy issues. The session functionality obviously also depends on free
disk space and other php.ini settings, etc.)
Further links

Google provides a lengthy list of similar discussions.
And of course many specific cases have been covered on Stack Overflow as well.
The WordPress FAQ explains How do I solve the Headers already sent warning problem? in a generic manner.
Adobe Community: PHP development: why redirects don't work (headers already sent)
Nucleus FAQ: What does "page headers already sent" mean?
One of the more thorough explanations is HTTP Headers and the PHP header() Function - A tutorial by NicholasSolutions (Internet Archive link).
It covers HTTP in detail and gives a few guidelines for rewriting scripts.


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如何修复“标题已发送"PHP中的错误 [英] How to fix "Headers already sent" error in PHP

问题描述

`?>`

提到的错误源为第 0 行未知"

之前的错误消息

没有错误信息

输出缓冲作为一种解决方法

`但它在另一台服务器上工作！?`

`检查 headers_sent()`

`HTML 标签`

`JavaScript 重定向`

`为什么setcookie() 和 session_start() 也会受到影响`

`更多链接`

No output before sending headers!

Why does it happen?

How can you find out where the premature output occurred?

Print, echo

Raw HTML areas

Whitespace before `<?php` for "script.php line 1" warnings

UTF-8 BOM

Correction utilities

Whitespace after `?>`

Error source mentioned as "Unknown on line 0"

Preceding error messages

No error message

Output buffering as a workaround

But it worked on the other server!?

Checking with `headers_sent()`

HTML `<meta>` tag

JavaScript redirect

Why `setcookie()` and `session_start()` are also affected

Further links

相关文章

PHP最新文章

热门教程

热门工具

登录关闭

如何修复“标题已发送"PHP中的错误 [英] How to fix &quot;Headers already sent&quot; error in PHP

问题描述

?>

提到的错误源为第 0 行未知"

之前的错误消息

没有错误信息

输出缓冲作为一种解决方法

但它在另一台服务器上工作！?

检查 headers_sent()

HTML 标签

JavaScript 重定向

为什么setcookie() 和 session_start() 也会受到影响

更多链接

No output before sending headers!

Why does it happen?

How can you find out where the premature output occurred?

Print, echo

Raw HTML areas

Whitespace before <?php for "script.php line 1" warnings

UTF-8 BOM

Correction utilities

Whitespace after ?>

Error source mentioned as "Unknown on line 0"

Preceding error messages

No error message

Output buffering as a workaround

But it worked on the other server!?

Checking with headers_sent()

HTML <meta> tag

JavaScript redirect

Why setcookie() and session_start() are also affected

Further links

相关文章

PHP最新文章

热门教程

热门工具

登录 关闭

如何修复“标题已发送"PHP中的错误 [英] How to fix "Headers already sent" error in PHP

`?>`

`但它在另一台服务器上工作！?`

`检查 headers_sent()`

`HTML 标签`

`JavaScript 重定向`

`为什么setcookie() 和 session_start() 也会受到影响`

`更多链接`

Whitespace before `<?php` for "script.php line 1" warnings

Whitespace after `?>`

Checking with `headers_sent()`

HTML `<meta>` tag

Why `setcookie()` and `session_start()` are also affected

登录关闭