“pip install"和“pip install"有什么区别?和“python -m pip install"? [英] What's the difference between "pip install" and "python -m pip install"?

问题描述

我有 Python 3.4.1 的本地版本，我可以运行 python -m pip install，但我找不到运行 pip install.这两者有什么区别?

I have a local version of Python 3.4.1 and I can run python -m pip install, but I'm unable to find the pip binary to run pip install. What's the difference between these two?

推荐答案

2014

他们做的事情完全一样.事实上，分发 Python 模块的文档刚刚更新，建议使用 python -m pip 而不是 pip 可执行文件，因为这样更容易判断将使用哪个版本的 python 来实际运行 pip.

They do exactly the same thing. In fact, the docs for distributing Python modules were just updated to suggest using python -m pip instead of the pip executable, because it's easier to tell which version of python is going to be used to actually run pip that way.

这里有一些更具体的证据"，不仅仅是相信我的话和我链接的错误报告:)

Here's some more concrete "proof", beyond just trusting my word and the bug report I linked :)

如果你看一下 pip 可执行脚本，它就是这样做的:

If you take a look at the pip executable script, it's just doing this:

from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
<snip>
load_entry_point('pip==1.5.4', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()

它正在调用 load_entry_point，它返回一个函数，然后执行该函数.它使用的入口点称为 'console_scripts'.如果您查看 pip 的 entry_points.txt 文件(我的 Ubuntu 机器上的/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.5.4.egg-info/entry_points.txt)，你会看到这个:

It's calling load_entry_point, which returns a function, and then executing that function. The entry point it's using is called 'console_scripts'. If you look at the entry_points.txt file for pip (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.5.4.egg-info/entry_points.txt on my Ubuntu machine), you'll see this:

[console_scripts]
pip = pip:main
pip2.7 = pip:main
pip2 = pip:main

所以返回的入口点是pip模块中的main函数.

So the entry point returned is the main function in the pip module.

当您运行 python -m pip 时，您正在执行 pip 包内的 __main__.py 脚本.看起来像这样:

When you run python -m pip, you're executing the __main__.py script inside the pip package. That looks like this:

import sys
from .runner import run

if __name__ == '__main__':
    exit = run()
    if exit:
        sys.exit(exit)

runner.run 函数看起来像这样:

def run():
    base = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    ## FIXME: this is kind of crude; if we could create a fake pip
    ## module, then exec into it and update pip.__path__ properly, we
    ## wouldn't have to update sys.path:
    sys.path.insert(0, base)
    import pip
    return pip.main()

如您所见，它也只是调用了 pip.main 函数.因此，这两个命令最终都会调用 pip/__init__.py 中的相同 main 函数.

As you can see, it's just calling the pip.main function, too. So both commands end up calling the same main function in pip/__init__.py.

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