Django:保存模型时填充用户 ID [英] Django: Populate user ID when saving a model

问题描述

我有一个带有 created_by 字段的模型，该字段链接到标准 Django 用户模型.保存模型时，我需要使用当前用户的 ID 自动填充它.我不能在 Admin 层执行此操作，因为该站点的大部分内容都不会使用内置的 Admin.任何人都可以就我应该如何处理这个问题提出建议吗?

I have a model with a created_by field that is linked to the standard Django User model. I need to automatically populate this with the ID of the current User when the model is saved. I can't do this at the Admin layer, as most parts of the site will not use the built-in Admin. Can anyone advise on how I should go about this?

推荐答案

更新 2020-01-02
⚠ 以下答案从未更新到最新的 Python 和 Django 版本.自从几年前写这篇文章以来，已经发布了一些软件包来解决这个问题.现在我强烈推荐使用 django-crum，它实现了相同的技术，但有测试并定期更新:https://pypi.org/project/django-crum/

UPDATE 2020-01-02
⚠ The following answer was never updated to the latest Python and Django versions. Since writing this a few years ago packages have been released to solve this problem. Nowadays I highly recommend using django-crum which implements the same technique but has tests and is updated regularly: https://pypi.org/project/django-crum/

最不麻烦的方法是使用 CurrentUserMiddleware 将当前用户存储在线程本地对象中:

The least obstrusive way is to use a CurrentUserMiddleware to store the current user in a thread local object:

from threading import local

_user = local()

class CurrentUserMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request):
        _user.value = request.user

def get_current_user():
    return _user.value

现在您只需要在认证中间件之后将该中间件添加到您的 MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 中.

Now you only need to add this middleware to your MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES after the authentication middleware.

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    ...
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    ...
    'current_user.CurrentUserMiddleware',
    ...
)

您的模型现在可以使用 get_current_user 函数访问用户，而无需四处传递请求对象.

Your model can now use the get_current_user function to access the user without having to pass the request object around.

from django.db import models
from current_user import get_current_user

class MyModel(models.Model):
    created_by = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', default=get_current_user)

提示:

如果您使用的是 Django CMS，您甚至不需要定义自己的 CurrentUserMiddleware 但可以使用 cms.middleware.user.CurrentUserMiddleware 和 cms.utils.permissions.get_current_user 函数来检索当前用户.

Hint:

If you are using Django CMS you do not even need to define your own CurrentUserMiddleware but can use cms.middleware.user.CurrentUserMiddleware and the cms.utils.permissions.get_current_user function to retrieve the current user.

这篇关于Django:保存模型时填充用户 ID的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！