npm install -g less 不起作用:EACCES:权限被拒绝 [英] npm install -g less does not work: EACCES: permission denied

问题描述

我正在尝试在 phpstorm 上设置 less，以便我可以在保存时将 .less 文件编译为 .css.我已经安装了 node.js 和下一步(根据这个 https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/help/transpiling-sass-less-and-scss-to-css.html) 正在终端中运行此命令

I'm trying to set up less on phpstorm so I can compile .less files to .css on save. I have installed node.js and the next step (according to this https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/help/transpiling-sass-less-and-scss-to-css.html) is running this command in the terminal

npm install -g less

然而，当我这样做时，我得到了这些错误

However when I do this I get these errors

☁  ~  npm install -g less
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/mkdirp/0.5.1'
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/graceful-fs/3.0.8'
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/extend/3.0.0'
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/readable-stream/2.0.4'
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/chalk/1.1.1'
npm WARN install Couldn't install optional dependency: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir '/Users/brentscholl/.npm/xtend/4.0.1'
npm WARN checkPermissions Missing write access to /usr/local/lib/node_modules
/usr/local/lib
└─┬ less@2.5.3
  ├─┬ errno@0.1.4
  │ └── prr@0.0.0
  ├── image-size@0.3.5
  ├── mime@1.3.4
  ├─┬ promise@6.1.0
  │ └── asap@1.0.0
  └─┬ source-map@0.4.4
    └── amdefine@1.0.0

npm ERR! Darwin 15.0.0
npm ERR! argv "/usr/local/bin/node" "/usr/local/bin/npm" "install" "-g" "less"
npm ERR! node v5.0.0
npm ERR! npm  v3.3.6
npm ERR! path /usr/local/lib/node_modules
npm ERR! code EACCES
npm ERR! errno -13
npm ERR! syscall access

npm ERR! Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules'
npm ERR!     at Error (native)
npm ERR!  { [Error: EACCES: permission denied, access '/usr/local/lib/node_modules']
npm ERR!   errno: -13,
npm ERR!   code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR!   syscall: 'access',
npm ERR!   path: '/usr/local/lib/node_modules' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     /Users/brentscholl/npm-debug.log

我在这里完全是个菜鸟，不知道接下来要做什么.任何帮助将不胜感激！

I'm a complete noob here and not sure what to do next. Any help would be very appreciated!

推荐答案

不推荐使用 sudo.它可能会在以后给你权限问题.虽然上述方法有效，但我不喜欢将 root 拥有的文件夹更改为可供用户写入，尽管这可能只是多个用户的问题.要解决这个问题，您可以使用一个带有npm 用户"的组，但这也是更多的管理开销.有关处理文档中权限的选项，请参见此处:https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/fixing-npm-permissions

Using sudo is not recommended. It may give you permission issue later. While the above works, I am not a fan of changing folders owned by root to be writable for users, although it may only be an issue with multiple users. To work around that, you could use a group, with 'npm users' but that is also more administrative overhead. See here for the options to deal with permissions from the documentation: https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/fixing-npm-permissions

我会选择选项 2:

为了尽量减少权限错误的机会，您可以将 npm 配置为使用不同的目录.在这个例子中，它将是一个隐藏的主文件夹中的目录.

To minimize the chance of permissions errors, you can configure npm to use a different directory. In this example, it will be a hidden directory on your home folder.

为全局安装创建一个目录:

Make a directory for global installations:

 mkdir ~/.npm-global

配置 npm 以使用新的目录路径:

Configure npm to use the new directory path:

 npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'

打开或创建一个 ~/.profile 文件并添加这一行:

Open or create a ~/.profile file and add this line:

 export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH

回到命令行，更新你的系统变量:

Back on the command line, update your system variables:

 source ~/.profile

测试:不使用 sudo 全局下载包.

Test: Download a package globally without using sudo.

npm install -g jshint

如果仍然显示权限错误运行(mac os):

If still show permission error run (mac os):

sudo chown -R $USER ~/.npm-global   

这适用于默认的 ubuntu 安装:

This works with the default ubuntu install of:

sudo apt-get install nodejs npm

如果您希望在管理版本方面具有更大的灵活性，我推荐 nvm:https://github.com/creationix/nvm

I recommend nvm if you want more flexibility in managing versions: https://github.com/creationix/nvm

在 MacOS 上使用 brew，如果您使用的是最近的 npm 版本，它应该可以在没有 sudo 开箱即用的情况下工作.享受:)

On MacOS use brew, it should work without sudo out of the box if you're on a recent npm version. Enjoy :)

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