共享库和静态链接库之间有什么区别，以及如何实现它们？ [英] What's the difference between Shared libraries and Statically linked libraries and how to implement them?

问题描述

我要开发一个库，这两者之间有什么区别，以及如何实现呢？实现我的意思是，如何使用它们作为库？

I'm going to develop a library, what are the differences between these two and how to implement it? By implement I mean, how to use them as a library?

推荐答案

^{（我回答关注Linux ）}

共享图书馆（部分）（通过某些 mmap 调用）。

Shared libraries are (partly) shared (by some mmap call). Static libraries are copied into each executable.

共享库应为位置无关代码（因此使用 g ++ -fPIC -O -Wall ....）编译它们。有关详细信息，请参见此答案。静态库不需要是PIC。

Shared libraries should be position independent code (so compile them using g++ -fPIC -O -Wall....). See this answer for details. Static libraries do not need to be PIC.

共享库可以与其他库链接（当构建共享库时）

Shared libraries can be linked (when building a shared library) to other libraries.

共享库可以动态链接为 plugins 使用 dlopen（3）。在C ++中注意名称修改（因此请使用 externC code>）。请参阅 C ++ dlopen mini-howto

Shared libraries can be dynamically linked as plugins using dlopen(3). Beware of name mangling in C++ (so use extern "C"). See C++ dlopen mini-howto

先阅读计划库教程，然后阅读 Levine的书：链接器和加载程序 ，然后 Drepper的论文：如何写共享库

Read first the Program Library HowTo, then Levine's book: Linkers and Loaders, then Drepper's paper: How To Write Shared Libraries

让您的图书馆成为共享库和免费软件，例如 LGPL 许可（强烈建议共享库链接）。

I would invite you to make your library a shared library and free software, e.g. under LGPL license (which strongly suggests shared library linking).

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