Go数组允许您定义可容纳多个相同类型数据项的变量. 结构是Go编程中另一种用户定义的数据类型，它允许您组合不同类型的数据项.
结构用于表示记录.假设您要跟踪库中的书籍.您可能希望跟踪每本书的以下属性并减去;
标题
作者
主题
图书编号
在这种情况下，结构是非常有用.
要定义结构，必须使用 type 和 struct 陈述. struct语句定义了一个新的数据类型，为您的程序提供了多个成员. type语句使用我们的case中的struct类型绑定一个名称. struct语句的格式如下 :
type struct_variable_type struct {
member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
}一旦定义了结构类型，它就可以用于使用以下语法声明该类型的变量.
variable_name := structure_variable_type {value1, value2...valuen}要访问结构的任何成员，我们使用成员访问运算符(.).成员访问运算符被编码为结构变量名称之间的句点以及我们希望访问的结构成员.您可以使用 struct 关键字来定义结构类型的变量.以下示例说明如何使用结构 :
package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */
var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */
/* book 1 specification */
Book1.title = "Go Programming"
Book1.author = "Mahesh Kumar"
Book1.subject = "Go Programming Tutorial"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 specification */
Book2.title = "Telecom Billing"
Book2.author = "Zara Ali"
Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* print Book1 info */
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 title : %s\n", Book1.title)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 author : %s\n", Book1.author)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 subject : %s\n", Book1.subject)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 book_id : %d\n", Book1.book_id)
/* print Book2 info */
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 title : %s\n", Book2.title)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 author : %s\n", Book2.author)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 subject : %s\n", Book2.subject)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 book_id : %d\n", Book2.book_id)
}编译并执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 :
Book 1 title : Go Programming Book 1 author : Mahesh Kumar Book 1 subject : Go Programming Tutorial Book 1 book_id : 6495407 Book 2 title : Telecom Billing Book 2 author : Zara Ali Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book 2 book_id : 6495700
您可以以与您非常相似的方式将结构作为函数参数传递传递任何其他变量或指针.您将以与上例中相同的方式访问结构变量 :
package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */
var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */
/* book 1 specification */
Book1.title = "Go Programming"
Book1.author = "Mahesh Kumar"
Book1.subject = "Go Programming Tutorial"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 specification */
Book2.title = "Telecom Billing"
Book2.author = "Zara Ali"
Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* print Book1 info */
printBook(Book1)
/* print Book2 info */
printBook(Book2)
}
func printBook( book Books ) {
fmt.Printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
fmt.Printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
fmt.Printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
fmt.Printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}编译并执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 :
Book title : Go Programming Book author : Mahesh Kumar Book subject : Go Programming Tutorial Book book_id : 6495407 Book title : Telecom Billing Book author : Zara Ali Book subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book book_id : 6495700
您可以使用与定义指向任何其他变量的指针相同的方式定义结构指针，如下所示 :
var struct_pointer *Books
现在，您可以将结构变量的地址存储在上面定义的指针变量中.要查找结构变量的地址，请放置&结构名称前的运算符如下 :
struct_pointer = &Book1;
要使用指向该结构的指针访问结构的成员，必须使用"."运算符如下 :
struct_pointer.title;
让我们使用结构指针重写上面的例子;
package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */
var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */
/* book 1 specification */
Book1.title = "Go Programming"
Book1.author = "Mahesh Kumar"
Book1.subject = "Go Programming Tutorial"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 specification */
Book2.title = "Telecom Billing"
Book2.author = "Zara Ali"
Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* print Book1 info */
printBook(&Book1)
/* print Book2 info */
printBook(&Book2)
}
func printBook( book *Books ) {
fmt.Printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
fmt.Printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
fmt.Printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
fmt.Printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}编译并执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 :
Book title : Go Programming Book author : Mahesh Kumar Book subject : Go Programming Tutorial Book book_id : 6495407 Book title : Telecom Billing Book author : Zara Ali Book subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book book_id : 6495700
