Angular 2中带有Observable的http不能使用数据 [英] http with Observable in Angular 2 cant use data

问题描述

我是角度2和可观察对象的新手，但我想尝试一下.因此，我已经安装了angular-cli并进行了一个简单的测试项目.

i am new to angular 2 and to observables but i wanted to give it a shot. So i have installed the angular-cli and made a simple test project.

我要做的就是读取一个json文件并使用组件内部的数据(其初衷是提供服务，但我想从低端入手).

All i wanted it to do is read a json file and work with the data inside of a component (the first intention was to make a service but i wanted to start on a low basis).

所以我已经在assets/json文件夹(testjson.json)中创建了一个json文件:

So i have created a json file in the assets/json folder (testjson.json):

{
  "teststring": "test works"
}

然后我已经从我的content.component.ts文件中的angular和rxjs映射文件中导入了http:

then i have imported the http from angular and the rxjs map stuff inside of my content.component.ts file:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-content',
  templateUrl: './content.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./content.component.css']
})
export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data;

  constructor(private http:Http) {
    http.get('assets/json/testjson.json').map(res => res.json()).subscribe(data => {this.data = data; this.title = data.teststring; console.log(this.data);});
  }

  ngOnInit() {

  }

}

到目前为止，该应用程序会打印出以下内容:

So far so good, the app prints out the following:

app works!

test works [object Object]

但是我想在整个组件中使用此数据，而不仅仅是在构造函数中使用.但是，如果我尝试在构造函数外部(在ngOnInit函数内部)console.log"this.data"，它将在控制台中打印未定义的内容.

But i want to use this data in the whole component, not only in the constructor. but if i try to console.log "this.data" outside of the constructor (inside the ngOnInit function), it prints undefined in the console.

我知道，它必须与异步加载有关，但是不幸的是，我不知道如何告诉应用程序等待this.data填满.

I know, that it must have something to do with asynch loading but unfortunately i have no clue how to tell the app to wait until this.data is filled.

希望您能帮助我.当然，将来我需要一种执行这种工作的服务，并且不止一个组件应该从中获取数据.

I hope you can help me with that. Of course in the future i want a service which does that kind of stuff and more than one component should grab data from it.

提前谢谢！

推荐答案

• 您应该将初始化代码移至初始化方法.
• 回调完成后，您的数据将变为可用.在模板中，一旦有数据，就可以使用*ngIf在块内执行代码.只要*ngIf不等于true，内部代码就不会运行.
• 运行console.log(data)的唯一方法是在回调内部或从回调调用，因为您必须等待数据加载完毕.
• You should move the initialization code to the initialization method.
• Your data becomes available once the callback completes. In your template you can use *ngIf to execute code inside a block once there is data. As long as the *ngIf does not eval to true the inner code will not run.
• The only way you can run console.log(data) is from inside the callback or called from the callback because you have to wait until the data is loaded.

content.component.html

<div *ngIf="data">
  <span>{{data.teststring}}</span>
</div>

content.component.ts

export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data: any = null;

  constructor(private http:Http) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.http.get('assets/json/testjson.json')
      .map(res => res.json())
      .subscribe(data => {
        this.data = data;
        this.title = data.teststring;
        console.log(this.data);
      });
  }
}

---

编辑

对于下面的评论:如果您抽象出对服务的http调用，则可以看到完全相同的逻辑仍然适用.您仍在使用数据承诺的概念，一旦完成，您就可以订阅该承诺.唯一的区别是http调用被抽象到另一个类.

---

Edit

In response to the comment below If you abstract out the http call to a service you can see the exact same logic still applies. You are still using the concept of a promise of data and that you can subscribe to that promise once it has completed. The only difference here is the http call is abstracted to a different class.

content.component.ts

export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data: any = null;

  // inject service
  constructor(private contentService:ContentService) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.contentService.getData()
      .subscribe(data => {
        this.data = data;
        this.title = data.teststring;
        console.log(this.data);
      });
  }

服务

export class ContentService {

  constructor(private http:Http) {
  }

  getData(): IObservable<{teststring:string}> { // where string can be some defined type
    return http.get('assets/json/testjson.json')
      .map(res => res.json() as {teststring:string});
  }

这篇关于Angular 2中带有Observable的http不能使用数据的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！