Angular 2 中带有 Observable 的 http 不能使用数据 [英] http with Observable in Angular 2 cant use data

问题描述

我是 angular 2 和 observables 的新手，但我想试一试.所以我已经安装了 angular-cli 并做了一个简单的测试项目.

我想让它做的就是读取一个 json 文件并处理组件内部的数据(第一个目的是创建一个服务，但我想从一个较低的基础开始).

所以我在 assets/json 文件夹(testjson.json)中创建了一个 json 文件:

<代码>{"teststring": "测试有效"}

然后我从我的 content.component.ts 文件中导入了来自 angular 的 http 和 rxjs 映射内容:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';从 '@angular/http' 导入 { Http };导入 'rxjs/add/operator/map';@成分({选择器:'应用程序内容'，templateUrl: './content.component.html',styleUrls: ['./content.component.css']})导出类 ContentComponent 实现 OnInit {标题:字符串=默认"；数据;构造函数(私有 http:Http){http.get('assets/json/testjson.json').map(res => res.json()).subscribe(data => {this.data = data; this.title = data.teststring; 控制台.log(this.data);});}ngOnInit() {}}

到目前为止一切顺利，应用打印出以下内容:

应用程序有效！测试作品 [object Object]

但我想在整个组件中使用这些数据，而不仅仅是在构造函数中.但是如果我尝试在构造函数之外(在 ngOnInit 函数内)控制台.log "this.data"，它会在控制台中打印 undefined.

我知道，它一定与异步加载有关，但不幸的是我不知道如何告诉应用程序等待 this.data 被填充.

希望你能帮我解决这个问题.当然，将来我想要一个可以做那种事情的服务，并且不止一个组件应该从中获取数据.

提前致谢！

解决方案

• 您应该将初始化代码移到初始化方法中.
• 一旦回调完成，您的数据就可用.在您的模板中，一旦有数据，您就可以使用 *ngIf 在块内执行代码.只要 *ngIf 不求值为 true，内部代码就不会运行.
• 您可以运行 console.log(data) 的唯一方法是从回调内部或从回调中调用，因为您必须等到数据加载完毕.

content.component.html

<span>{{data.teststring}}</span>

content.component.ts

导出类 ContentComponent 实现 OnInit {标题:字符串=默认"；数据:任何=空；构造函数(私有 http:Http){}ngOnInit() {this.http.get('assets/json/testjson.json').map(res => res.json()).订阅(数据=> {this.data = 数据；this.title = data.teststring;控制台日志(this.data)；});}}

<小时>

编辑

回应下面的评论 如果您抽象出对服务的 http 调用，您会看到完全相同的逻辑仍然适用.您仍在使用数据承诺的概念，并且您可以在完成后订阅该承诺.这里唯一的区别是 http 调用被抽象为不同的类.

content.component.ts

导出类 ContentComponent 实现 OnInit {标题:字符串=默认"；数据:任何=空；//注入服务构造函数(私有内容服务:内容服务){}ngOnInit() {this.contentService.getData().订阅(数据=> {this.data = 数据；this.title = data.teststring;控制台日志(this.data)；});}

服务

导出类 ContentService {构造函数(私有 http:Http){}getData(): IObservable<{teststring:string}>{//其中字符串可以是某种定义的类型返回 http.get('assets/json/testjson.json').map(res => res.json() as {teststring:string});}

i am new to angular 2 and to observables but i wanted to give it a shot. So i have installed the angular-cli and made a simple test project.

All i wanted it to do is read a json file and work with the data inside of a component (the first intention was to make a service but i wanted to start on a low basis).

So i have created a json file in the assets/json folder (testjson.json):

{
  "teststring": "test works"
}

then i have imported the http from angular and the rxjs map stuff inside of my content.component.ts file:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-content',
  templateUrl: './content.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./content.component.css']
})
export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data;

  constructor(private http:Http) {
    http.get('assets/json/testjson.json').map(res => res.json()).subscribe(data => {this.data = data; this.title = data.teststring; console.log(this.data);});
  }

  ngOnInit() {

  }

}

So far so good, the app prints out the following:

app works!

test works [object Object]

But i want to use this data in the whole component, not only in the constructor. but if i try to console.log "this.data" outside of the constructor (inside the ngOnInit function), it prints undefined in the console.

I know, that it must have something to do with asynch loading but unfortunately i have no clue how to tell the app to wait until this.data is filled.

I hope you can help me with that. Of course in the future i want a service which does that kind of stuff and more than one component should grab data from it.

Thanks in advance!

解决方案

• You should move the initialization code to the initialization method.
• Your data becomes available once the callback completes. In your template you can use *ngIf to execute code inside a block once there is data. As long as the *ngIf does not eval to true the inner code will not run.
• The only way you can run console.log(data) is from inside the callback or called from the callback because you have to wait until the data is loaded.

content.component.html

<div *ngIf="data">
  <span>{{data.teststring}}</span>
</div>

content.component.ts

export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data: any = null;

  constructor(private http:Http) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.http.get('assets/json/testjson.json')
      .map(res => res.json())
      .subscribe(data => {
        this.data = data;
        this.title = data.teststring;
        console.log(this.data);
      });
  }
}

---

Edit

In response to the comment below If you abstract out the http call to a service you can see the exact same logic still applies. You are still using the concept of a promise of data and that you can subscribe to that promise once it has completed. The only difference here is the http call is abstracted to a different class.

content.component.ts

export class ContentComponent implements OnInit {

  title: string = "Default";
  data: any = null;

  // inject service
  constructor(private contentService:ContentService) {
  }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.contentService.getData()
      .subscribe(data => {
        this.data = data;
        this.title = data.teststring;
        console.log(this.data);
      });
  }

Service

export class ContentService {

  constructor(private http:Http) {
  }

  getData(): IObservable<{teststring:string}> { // where string can be some defined type
    return http.get('assets/json/testjson.json')
      .map(res => res.json() as {teststring:string});
  }

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