从字符串变量导入模块 [英] import module from string variable

问题描述

我正在编写有关matplotlib(MPL)嵌套库的文档(个人)，该文档与感兴趣的子模块软件包所提供的MPL有所不同.我正在编写Python脚本，希望该脚本可以自动从将来的MPL版本中生成文档.
我选择了感兴趣的子模块/程序包，并希望列出其主要类，然后从中生成列表并使用pydoc

I'm working on a documentation (personal) for nested matplotlib (MPL) library, which differs from MPL own provided, by interested submodule packages. I'm writing Python script which I hope will automate document generation from future MPL releases.
I selected interested submodules/packages and want to list their main classes from which I'll generate list and process it with pydoc

问题是我找不到指示Python从字符串加载子模块的方法.这是我尝试过的示例:

Problem is that I can't find a way to instruct Python to load submodule from string. Here is example of what I tried:

import matplotlib.text as text
x = dir(text)

.

i = __import__('matplotlib.text')
y = dir(i)

.

j = __import__('matplotlib')
z = dir(j)

这是通过pprint比较上述列表的三种方式:

And here is 3 way comparison of above lists through pprint:

我不理解y对象中加载了什么-它是基础matplotlib以及其他内容，但是它缺少我想要的信息，而这是matplotlib.text包中的主要类.它是屏幕截图(x列表)中最上面的蓝色部分

I don't understand what's loaded in y object - it's base matplotlib plus something else, but it lack information that I wanted and that is main classes from matplotlib.text package. It's top blue coloured part on screenshot (x list)

请不要建议将狮身人面像作为另一种方法.

Please don't suggest Sphinx as different approach.

推荐答案

__import__函数可能有点难以理解.

The __import__ function can be a bit hard to understand.

如果您更改

i = __import__('matplotlib.text')

到

i = __import__('matplotlib.text', fromlist=[''])

然后i指的是matplotlib.text.

在Python 2.7和Python 3.1或更高版本中，您可以使用importlib:

In Python 2.7 and Python 3.1 or later, you can use importlib:

import importlib

i = importlib.import_module("matplotlib.text")

一些笔记

• 如果您尝试从子文件夹中导入某些内容，例如./feature/email.py，代码将类似于importlib.import_module("feature.email")

如果包含要导入文件的文件夹中没有__init__.py，则无法导入任何内容

You can't import anything if there is no __init__.py in the folder with file you are trying to import

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