在awk中进行元编程，将文件转换为html表格式 [英] Metaprogramming in awk, convert file to html table format

问题描述

我有以下文件:

table.txt(逗号分隔)

table.txt (comma separate)

1,Example Title
COL1,COL2,COL3,COL4,COL5
BRCC,ACGC,15869,105A,1
BCAS,GAAG,73345,369T,2

template.awk

template.awk

function parse_print(s){
    s = gensub(/^\s+|\s+$/,"","g",s)
    s = gensub(/[\42]/,"\\\\\042","g",s)
    s = gensub(/\$[0-9]+/,"\" & \"","g",s)
    s = gensub(/\$e/,"\" & \"","g",s)
    return s;
}

/^[^%]/{print "print \"" parse_print($0) "\""; next}
/^%BEGIN$|^%END$/{print substr($1,2) "{"; next}
/^%END.+$/{print "}"; next}
{print substr($1,2) "{"}
{
    if($2 == "%FOREACH"){
        pprint = gensub(/(\S+\s+){2}(.*)/,"\\2","g")
        print "for(e=1; e<=NF; ++e) print \"" parse_print(pprint) "\""
    }else{
        pprint = gensub(/\S+\s+(.*)/,"\\1","g")
        print "print \"" parse_print(pprint) "\""
    }
}
{print "}"}

table.tawk

table.tawk

%BEGIN
                    <style>
                        .my_table {border-bottom:3px double black; border-collapse: collapse; }
                        .my_table tr.header{border-bottom:3px double black;}
                        .my_table td{text-align: center;}
                    </style>
                    <table class="my_table">
%ENDBEGIN
%NR==1              <caption>Table $1. $2</caption>
%NR==2              <tr class="header">
%NR>2               <tr>
%NR==2  %FOREACH    <th>$e</th>
%NR>2   %FOREACH    <td>$e</td>
%NR!=1              </tr>
%END
                    </table>
%ENDEND

metaprogramming.sh

metaprogramming.sh

#!/bin/sh
# metaprogram
awk '@include "template"' $1 > .table.awk
awk -vFS="," -f .table.awk $2
rm .table.awk

这个想法是使用元编程来分离表示的逻辑，这是基于如何在html，使用awk的问题将文本文件转换为html表格式.

The idea was to use metaprogramming to separate the logic of the presentation, this based in comment of @kent in How to format text in html using awk's question for to convert text file to html table format.

./metaprogramming.sh table.tawk table.txt > table.html

这会得到

<style>
.my_table {border-bottom:3px double black; border-collapse: collapse; }
.my_table tr.header{border-bottom:3px double black;}
.my_table td{text-align: center;}
</style>
<table class="my_table">
<caption>Table 1. Example Title</caption>
<tr class="header">
<th>COL1</th>
<th>COL2</th>
<th>COL3</th>
<th>COL4</th>
<th>COL5</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BRCC</td>
<td>ACGC</td>
<td>15869</td>
<td>105A</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BCAS</td>
<td>GAAG</td>
<td>73345</td>
<td>369T</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
</table>

问题1

是否有一种方法可以在不创建临时文件.table.awk的情况下进行调用，甚至无需使用bash脚本(awk直接调用)?

Is there a way to do the calling without creating the temporary file .table.awk, even, without to use bash script (awk direct calling) ?

问题奖金

有没有更好的方法? awk中是否已经有一个库?

Is there a way to do this better? is there a library in awk that already does this?

推荐答案

TXR是一种工具，它结合了原始的Lisp方言，为基于模板的数据提取和格式化提供了一种语言:

TXR is a tool which provides a language for template-based extraction and formatting of data, combined with an original Lisp dialect:

在format.txr中，我们有:

@num,@title
@(coll)@{heading /[^,]+/}@(end)
@(collect)
@  (coll)@{data /[^,]+/}@(end)
@(end)
@(output :filter :tohtml)
<style>
.my_table {border-bottom:3px double black; border-collapse: collapse; }
.my_table tr.header{border-bottom:3px double black;}
.my_table td{text-align: center;}
</style>
<table class="my_table">
<caption>Table @num. @title</caption>
<tr class="header">
@  (repeat)
<th>@heading</th>
@  (end)
</tr>
@  (repeat)
<tr>
@    (repeat)
<td>@data</td>
@    (end)
</tr>
@  (end)
</table>
@(end)

我们将其像这样应用于data文件:

We apply it to the data file like this:

$ txr format.txr data 
<style>
.my_table {border-bottom:3px double black; border-collapse: collapse; }
.my_table tr.header{border-bottom:3px double black;}
.my_table td{text-align: center;}
</style>
<table class="my_table">
<caption>Table 1. Example Title</caption>
<tr class="header">
<th>COL1</th>
<th>COL2</th>
<th>COL3</th>
<th>COL4</th>
<th>COL5</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BRCC</td>
<td>ACGC</td>
<td>15869</td>
<td>105A</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BCAS</td>
<td>GAAG</td>
<td>73345</td>
<td>369T</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
</table>

请注意，:filter :tohtml会为HTML转义字符；例如，如果数据包含&，则得到&，依此类推.

Note that the :filter :tohtml takes care of escaping characters for HTML; if the data contains & for instance, we get & and so on.

垂直collect和水平coll指令隐式地将匹配的模式变量支持到嵌套列表中. repeat隐式解开列表，因此，像@data这样的简单变量引用才会出现在输入匹配部分和输出中.

The vertical collect and horizontal coll directives implicitly shore up the matched pattern variables into nested lists; repeat implicitly unwraps lists, so that just simple variable references like @data appear in both the input matching section and in the output.

这是Vim下语法高亮显示的内容，在其中很清楚什么是模板材料，什么是TXR语法:

Here is what that looks like with syntax highlighting under Vim, under which it is very clear what is just template material and what is TXR syntax:

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